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菊芋(Helianthus tuberous L.)属菊科向日葵属多年生草本植物,是重要的作物种质资源。国内外对菊芋已开展了生态、经济、能源及育种栽培等研究,近年来胁迫条件对菊芋的影响研究成为新的热点。菊芋是无性繁殖作物,目前对菊芋种质资源的保存主要采取田间圃位的形式,国外已经开展了试管苗保存和超低温保存等研究,而我国尚存在空白。本文着重从菊芋的胁迫耐性响应研究,包括干旱、盐碱及低温3个不同胁迫条件对田间性状、生理生化、蛋白、分子水平的研究,以及常规保存和离体保存等种质保存研究2个方面进行阐述,并指出目前存在的问题,为菊芋超低温保存和开发利用提供理论依据。
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberous L.) belongs to the Compositae sunflower is a perennial herb, is an important crop germplasm resources. Artichoke has carried out researches on ecology, economy, energy, breeding and cultivation at home and abroad. In recent years, the research on the influence of stress conditions on Jerusalem artichoke has become a new hot spot. Jerusalem artichoke is a vegetatively propagated crop. At present, germplasm resources of Jerusalem artichoke are mainly stored in the form of field nurseries. Studies on the preservation of vitro seedlings and cryopreservation have been carried out in foreign countries, but there are still some gaps in our country. This article focuses on the research on the stress tolerance of Jerusalem artichoke, including the research on the characters of field, physiology, biochemistry, protein and molecular level under drought, salinity and low temperature conditions, and the conservation of germplasm in routine and in vitro conservation It also points out the existing problems and provides a theoretical basis for the cryogenic preservation and development of Jerusalem artichoke.