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目的:探讨增强磁共振成像(MRI)与计算机断层扫描术(CT)用于原发性中枢神经系统淋巴瘤(PCNSL)的鉴别诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析南阳医学高等专科学校第一附属医院2015年6月至2020年6月收治的50例疑似PCNSL患者的临床资料，患者均接受增强MRI、CT检查与病理活检检查，以病理检查结果为“金标准”，评估CT检查、增强MRI检查与联合检查对PCNSL的诊断效能。结果:CT检查诊断PCNSL的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、n Kappa值分别为88.89%、60.00%、86.00%、95.24%、37.50%、0.386，增强MRI检查诊断PCNSL的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、n Kappa值分别为95.74%、66.67%、94.00%、97.83%、50.00%、0.540，联合诊断PCNSL的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、n Kappa值分别为97.92%、50.00%、96.00%、97.92%、50.00%、0.479。CT联合增强MRI鉴别诊断PCNSL的灵敏度、准确度与阳性预测值最高，增强MRI鉴别诊断PCNSL的特异度、n Kappa值最高。n 结论:增强MRI与CT检查均能较为准确诊断PCNSL，联合检查诊断可进一步提升确诊率，为临床疾病鉴别诊断提供重要依据。“,”Objective:To investigate the value of enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) in the differential diagnosis of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).Methods:The clinical data of 50 patients with suspected PCNSL admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College between June 2015 and June 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Taking pathological examination results as the “gold standard” , all patients received enhanced MRI, CT, and pathological biopsy. And the diagnostic efficacy of CT examination, enhanced MRI examination and combined examination on PCNSL was evaluated.Results:The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and n Kappa value of CT in the diagnosis of PCNSL were 88.89%, 60.00%, 86.00%, 95.24%, 37.50% and 0.386, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and n Kappa value of enhanced MRI in the diagnosis of PCNSL were 95.74%, 66.67%, 94.00%, 97.83%, 50.00% and 0.540, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and n Kappa value of combined diagnosis of PCNSL were 97.92%, 50.00%, 96.00%, 97.92%, 50.00% and 0.479, respectively. CT combined with enhanced MRI had the highest sensitivity, accuracy and positive predictive value in the differential diagnosis of PCNSL, and enhanced MRI had the highest specificity and n Kappa value in the differential diagnosis of PCNSL.n Conclusions:Both enhanced MRI and CT can diagnose PCNSL accurately, while the combined diagnosis can further improve the diagnosis rate, and provide an important basis for the differential diagnosis of clinical diseases.