目的　探讨中药对脾切除术后 β 淀粉样蛋白 (Aβ)的影响。方法　选择 4 5只 3岁老龄健康雄性兔 ,分为假手术组、模型组和用药组 ,各 15只。模型组和用药组各 15只 ,行开腹脾切除术 ,其中用药组 15只 ,术后第 1日开始服自拟复方黄芪合剂浓缩液 (黄芪、何首乌、枸杞子、淫羊藿 ) ,2 /d ,持续半年 ;假手术组 15只行假手术 ;分时间段对上述 3组取外周静脉血 ,用放射免疫方法监测Aβ的变化。结果　术前水平 (2 3.7± 2 .4 ) μg/L。模型组和用药组术后Aβ明显上升 ,术后 5周达最高峰 (6 8.2± 3.1) μg/L ,以后逐渐下降 ;其中用药组Aβ下降明显 ,术后 6个月较术前稍高 (33.5± 2 .2 ) μg/L ;模型组Aβ下降缓慢 ,术后半年仍较术前明显为高 (49.8± 2 .0 ) μg/L ;假手术组对Aβ无影响。结论　脾切除术后对血清Aβ有明显影响 ,可能与免疫功能低下 ,免疫细胞对Aβ清除能力下降有关 ;复方黄芪合剂对血清Aβ降低有作用 Objective To investigate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on β-amyloid protein (Aβ) after splenectomy. Methods Forty-five three-year-old healthy male rabbits were selected and divided into sham-operated group, model group and medication group, with 15 rats in each group. Twenty-five patients in the model group and the drug group were undergone open splenectomy, of which 15 were in the medication group. On the first postoperative day, they began to take self-made compound Huangqi Mixture Concentrate (Huangqi, Polygonum multiflorum, Zizi, Epimedium), 2 /d , lasted half a year; 15 sham-operated groups underwent sham operation; peripheral venous blood was taken from the above three groups at different time points, and changes in Aβ were monitored by radioimmunoassay. Results Preoperative levels (2 3.7 ± 2 .4) μg/L. Aβ increased significantly in the model group and the drug group after operation, reaching a peak of (6 8.2± 3.1) μg/L at 5 weeks after surgery, and then gradually decreased; Aβ decreased significantly in the drug group, and was slightly higher than before surgery in the drug group (6 months). 33.5±2. 2) μg/L; Model group Aβ decreased slowly and remained significantly higher (49.8±2.0) μg/L in the first half of the operation; the sham group had no effect on Aβ. Conclusions Serum splenectomy has a significant effect on serum Aβ, which may be associated with low immune function and immune cells have a decreased ability to scavenge Aβ. Compound Huangqi Mixture has an effect on the reduction of serum Aβ.