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可用竭自然资源例外规则源自《关税与贸易总协定》第20条(g)款,涉及国际贸易与经济可持续发展之间的冲突与协调。世界贸易组织《2010年世界贸易报告》首次聚焦这一议题,凸显出自然资源在国际贸易中的重要地位。2011年7月,负责审理“美国、欧盟、墨西哥诉中国限制部分工业原材料出口案”的专家组裁定,中国的出口限制措施未能满足保护可用竭自然资源例外规则的适用条件,因而违背了世界贸易组织规则和中国入世承诺。这一结果迫使中国重新认识世界贸易组织一般例外规则,同时也提醒相关方面,在上诉过程中不仅要以一般例外规则作为主要抗辩理由,还要证明对该规则的援引并不违反最惠国待遇、国民待遇和《关税与贸易总协定》第20条序言的基本规定。
The exhaustible Natural Resources exception rule derives from Article 20 (g) of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and covers the conflicts and coordination between international trade and sustainable economic development. The WTO World Trade Report 2010 for the first time focused on this issue, highlighting the importance of natural resources in international trade. In July 2011, the Panel of Experts tasked with examining the “export of certain industrial raw materials by the United States, the European Union and Mexico v. China” ruled that China’s export restrictions did not meet the applicable conditions for the protection of exhaustible natural resources exception rules and thus violated the WTO rules and China’s WTO commitments. This result forced China to re-understand the World Trade Organization general exception rules. At the same time, it also reminded the parties concerned that not only the general exception rule should be used as the main defense ground during the appeal process, but also that the invocation of the rule should not violate the most-favored-nation treatment. Treatment and basic provisions of the Preamble to Article 20 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.