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目的研究不同喂养方法的婴儿免疫功能状况,指导婴儿合适的喂养方法。方法选取2014年1月-2015年1月本院产科分娩出生的健康足月儿69例为研究对象,按喂养方法的不同分为母乳喂养组(Ⅰ组)、部分母乳喂养组(Ⅱ组)及人工喂养组(Ⅲ组),分别于1、3、6、12月龄定期门诊随访,观察呼吸道感染的发生情况,检测外周血中白细胞介质-6(IL-6)、血IgG、IgM、IgA水平,对检测结果进行分析。结果Ⅰ组12月龄内反复呼吸道感染人次与Ⅲ组比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.463,P=0.019);血IgG在6月龄时Ⅰ组(7.189±1.525)高于Ⅱ组(6.136±1.105)及Ⅲ组(5.240±1.065),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血IgM在6月龄时Ⅰ组(0.784±0.268)高于Ⅱ组(0.675±0.189)及Ⅲ组(0.527±0.190),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);12月龄时Ⅰ组(1.485±0.427)和Ⅱ组(1.392±0.452)之间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但两者与Ⅲ组(0.858±0.390)相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);血IgA在1、3、6、12月龄组间两两之间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);血IL-6在6月龄时Ⅰ组(14.782±2.487)、Ⅱ组(12.520±2.014)与Ⅲ组(11.051±1.904)间两两比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),12月龄时,Ⅰ组(16.285±3.112)和Ⅱ组(15.854±3.281)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但两者与Ⅲ组(12.058±2.840)相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论喂养方法对婴儿免疫功能有一定影响,母乳喂养可增强婴儿免疫力,降低婴儿反复呼吸道感染患病率。母乳量不足,及时添加配方奶喂养,可防止婴儿免疫力下降。
Objective To study the immune status of infants under different feeding methods and to guide the appropriate feeding method for infants. Methods 69 healthy full-term infants born in obstetric delivery in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2015 were selected as breastfeeding group (group Ⅰ), part of breastfeeding group (group Ⅱ) (Group Ⅲ). The patients were followed up at regular intervals of 1, 3, 6, and 12 months respectively to observe the occurrence of respiratory tract infection and detect the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), blood IgG, IgM, IgA levels, the test results were analyzed. Results The number of repeated respiratory infections in group I at 12 months was significantly higher than that in group Ⅲ (χ ~ 2 = 5.463, P = 0.019). The level of serum IgG was significantly higher in group Ⅰ at 6 months (7.189 ± 1.525) than that of group Ⅱ (6.136 ± 1.105) and Ⅲ (5.240 ± 1.065) respectively, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The blood IgM at 6 months of age was significantly higher in group Ⅰ (0.784 ± 0.268) than in group Ⅱ (0.675 ± 0.189) and Ⅲ Group (0.527 ± 0.190), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); there was no significant difference between group I (1.485 ± 0.427) and group Ⅱ (1.392 ± 0.452) at 12 months (P> 0.05) , But the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (0.858 ± 0.390) (P <0.05). The difference of blood IgA between groups of 1, 3, 6 and 12 months was statistically significant (P <0.05). There was significant difference in blood IL-6 between group I (14.782 ± 2.487), group Ⅱ (12.520 ± 2.014) and group Ⅲ (11.051 ± 1.904) at 6 months (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups at the age of 12 months (16.285 ± 3.112) and group Ⅱ (15.854 ± 3.281) (P> 0.05) Compared with the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Feeding method has certain influence on infant’s immune function. Breastfeeding can enhance infant’s immunity and reduce the prevalence of recurrent respiratory tract infection in infants. Insufficient breast milk, milk and timely feeding formula to prevent infant immunity decreased.