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目的 探讨使用“知晓率”和“误解率”双向指标在评价公众预防艾滋病知识知晓程度中的有效性。方法 调查山东、河北部分农村地区成年人群接受健康教育之前 (1 63 2人 )和之后 (1 2 5 6人 )在预防艾滋病的知识、态度 信念的变化及对艾滋病知识误解方面的变化。结果 1 应充分正视艾滋病预防知识的误解情况 ;2 接受多途径的传播信息使知晓率明显上升 ,除电视、周围人谈论外 ,接受了其他宣传途径所传播信息的人误解率明显小于未接受者 ;3 经过健康教育 ,导致知晓率上升、误解率下降 ,但知晓率改变的程度较误解率大 ,本研究认为误解与知晓并不是完全相反的对应关系 ,受更复杂的因素影响 ;4 艾滋病防治知识知晓能导致人们从正面认识艾滋病 ,倾向于增加积极态度、降低消极态度 ,而误解则导致人们从反面认识艾滋病 ,倾向于增加消极态度、降低积极态度。结论 建议健康教育工作者今后对人群艾滋病知识知晓程度的评价时 ,使用双重性指标 ,即“知晓率和误解率”。
Objective To explore the validity of using two-way indicators of “awareness rate” and “misunderstanding rate” in assessing public awareness of HIV / AIDS prevention. Methods The survey investigated the changes of knowledge and attitudes and beliefs about HIV / AIDS and the changes in AIDS misunderstanding (1632) and before (1265) adults in some rural areas of Shandong and Hebei before health education. Results 1: The misunderstanding of HIV / AIDS prevention knowledge should be fully taken into account; 2. The number of people who received information from other publicity channels was significantly lower than that of non-recipients ; 3 after health education, the awareness rate increased, the misunderstanding rate decreased, but the rate of change was more misleading, the study concluded that misunderstanding and awareness are not completely opposite relationship, affected by more complex factors; 4 AIDS prevention and treatment Knowledge awareness can lead people to recognize AIDS positively, tend to increase their positive attitudes and lower their negative attitudes. Misunderstandings lead people to recognize AIDS on the negative side and tend to increase negative attitudes and lower positive attitudes. Conclusions It is suggested that when health education workers evaluate HIV / AIDS awareness in the future, they use the duality indicator, namely “awareness rate and misunderstanding rate”.