Omega-3 fatty acid supplemented total parenteral nutrition improves the clinical outcome of patients undergoing certain operations;however,its benefits for patients with hepatitis type B virus(HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) who have undergone hepatectomy are still not clear.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplemented total parenteral nutrition on the clinical outcome of patients with HBV-associated HCC who underwent hepatectomy at our institution.A total of 63 patients with HBV-associated HCC who underwent hepatectomy were included in this study.These patients were randomly assigned to receive stand-ard total parenteral nutrition(the control group,n = 31) or omega-3 fatty acid supplemented total parenteral nutri-tion(the omega-3 fatty acid group,n = 32) for at least 5 d.The study endpoints were the occurrence of infection-related complications,recovery of liver function and length of hospital stay.The results showed that the omega-3 fatty acid group had a lower infection rate(omega-3 fatty acid,19.4% vs control,43.8%,P < 0.05),a better liver function after hepatectomy:alanine transaminase(omega-3 fatty acid,48.23±18.48 U/L vs control,73.34±40.60 U/L,P < 0.01),aspartate transaminase(omega-3 fatty acid,35.77±14.56 U/L vs control,50.53±24.62 U/L,P < 0.01),total bilirubin(omega-3 fatty acid,24.29±7.40 mmol/L vs control,28.37±8.06 mmol/L,P < 0.05) and a shorter length of hospital stay(omega-3 fatty acid,12.71±2.58 d vs control,15.91±3.23 d,P < 0.01).The serum contents of IL-6(omega-3 fatty acid,23.98±5.63 pg/mL vs control,35.55±7.5 pg/mL,P < 0.01) and TNF-α(ome-ga-3 fatty acid,4.43±1.22 pg/mL vs control,5.96±1.58 pg/mL,P < 0.01) after hepatectomy were significantly lower in the omega-3 fatty acid group than those of the control group.In conclusion,administration of omega-3 fatty acid may reduce infection rate and improve liver function recovery in HBV-associated HCC patients after hepatectomy.This improvement is associated with suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines in these patients. Omega-3 fatty acid supplemented total parenteral nutrition improves the clinical outcome of patients undergoing certain operations; however, its benefits for patients with hepatitis type B virus (HBV) -associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who have undergone hepatectomy are still not clear. aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplemented total parenteral nutrition on the clinical outcome of patients with HBV-associated HCC who underwent hepatectomy at our institution. A total of 63 patients with HBV-associated HCC who underwent hepatectomy were included in this study. These patients were randomly assigned to receive stand-ard total parenteral nutrition (the control group, n = 31) or omega-3 fatty acid supplemented total parenteral nutri-tion (the omega-3 fatty acid group, n = 32) for at least 5 days. The study endpoints were the occurrence of infection-related complications, recovery of liver function and length of hospital stay. The results showed that the omega- 3 fatty acid group had a lower infection rate (omega-3 fatty acid, 19.4% vs control, 43.8%, P <0.05), a better liver function after hepatectomy: alanine transaminase (48.23 ± 18.48 U / L vs control, 73.34 ± 40.60 U / L, P <0.01), aspartate transaminase (35.77 ± 14.56 U / L vs. control, 50.53 ± 24.62 U / L, P <0.01), total bilirubin (omega -3 fatty acid, 24.29 ± 7.40 mmol / L vs control, 28.37 ± 8.06 mmol / L, P <0.05) and a shorter length of hospital stay (12.71 ± 2.58 d vs control, 15.91 ± 3.23 d , P <0.01). The serum contents of IL-6 (omega-3 fatty acid, 23.98 ± 5.63 pg / mL vs control, 35.55 ± 7.5 pg / fatty acid, 4.43 ± 1.22 pg / mL vs control, 5.96 ± 1.58 pg / mL, P <0.01) after hepatectomy were significantly lower in the omega-3 fatty acid group than those of the control group. conclusion, administration of omega- 3 fatty acid may reduce infection rate and improve liver function recovery in HBV-associated HCC patients after hepatectomy.This improv ement is associated with suppressed production of proinflammatory cytokines in these patients.