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面对市民社会私立战场中人与人、人与社会的冲突,康德走上了以绝对义务和道德个体自治为核心的道德哲学路径,但他的伦理学最终却成为一种取消了特殊性的形式主义伦理学。在批判康德道德哲学的基础上,黑格尔将现实的社会世界纳入到其绝对精神的实现过程,建立了一套客观的、必然的理性主义社会伦理学,其伦理学强调伦理秩序对个体生活的优先性,强调普遍性与特殊性的统一。由于其哲学体系的理性基础规定性,黑格尔的社会伦理思想带有强烈的先验理性色彩,限制了人类改造社会的能动性。
Faced with the conflicts between people and people in the private battlefield of civil society, the conflict between man and society, Kant embarked on the path of moral philosophy with absolute obligation and moral self-government as the core. However, his ethics eventually became a kind of specialism Formalist ethics. On the basis of criticizing Kant’s moral philosophy, Hegel incorporates the realistic social world into the process of realizing its absolute spirit, and establishes an objective and necessary rational social ethics. His ethics emphasizes that ethical order has an impact on individual life The priority is to emphasize the unity of universality and particularity. Due to the rationality of its philosophical system, Hegel’s social ethics has a strong a priori rational color, limiting the initiative of mankind to transform society.