一、前言海洋占地球表面积的71％,80％的国家濒海,80％国家的首都和百万人口以上的125个城市都位于海岸线485千米以内。而目前世界人口还在向沿海集中,从现在占总人口的50％逐步增到75％。现代海洋的战略地位空前提高,海洋经济、海洋科技、海洋军事、海洋环保、海洋立法空前发展,海洋争夺和海上霸权日益加烈,成为各国政治、经济、军事、外交的重要因素,明显将影响到未来的世界格局。我 I. Introduction Oceans account for 71% of the Earth’s surface area. 80% of the countries are in the sea, and 80% of the capitals and 125 cities above a million people are located within 485 kilometers of the coastline. At present, the world population is still concentrated in the coastal areas, from 50% of the total population now gradually increased to 75%. The maritime economy, marine science and technology, marine military affairs, marine environmental protection and maritime legislation have enjoyed unprecedented growth in the strategic position of the modern ocean. The maritime struggle and the rising maritime hegemony have become an important factor in political, economic, military and diplomatic affairs of all countries and will obviously affect To the future of the world pattern. I