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构建高速度、高特异性、高灵敏的蛋白质检测技术是目前蛋白质组学研究所面临的紧迫任务。传统蛋白质的检测主要利用抗体-抗原的特异相互作用。利用寡核苷酸间严格的识别和亲合力而设计的人工合成寡核苷酸-适体(aptamer)的出现,使抗体抗原反应发生新的革命性变化。核酸适体对蛋白质的结合力和特异性可与抗原抗体间的作用力相媲美,且与抗体相比有许多优越性。因此利用核酸适体构建蛋白质的检测方法己引起许多科学工作者的关注。本文综述了核酸适体的发现(包括SELEX技术的原理)、特点,核酸适体生物传感器的原理、分类和应用,并对核酸适体生物传感器的发展进行了展望。
Constructing a high-speed, high-specificity and highly sensitive protein detection technology is an urgent task facing proteomics research. Traditional protein detection mainly utilizes the specific interaction of antibody-antigen. The advent of the synthetic oligonucleotide aptamer, designed using the stringent recognition and affinity of oligonucleotides, has revolutionized the antibody antigen response. Aptamers have similar binding and specificity to proteins as the forces acting between them and antibodies, and have many advantages over antibodies. Therefore, the use of aptamers to construct protein detection methods has attracted the attention of many scientists. This review summarizes the findings of aptamers (including the principle of SELEX), their characteristics, the principle, classification and application of aptamer biosensors. The development of aptamer biosensors is also discussed.