目的探讨脑出血患者不同时间点磁共振扩散张量成像(DTI)参数与肢体肌力恢复的相关性。方法前瞻性搜集2015年5月至2016年5月基底节区脑出血患者76例,分别在入院时和入院后2周进行DTI扫描,重组皮质脊髓束(CST),并根据CST完整性分为1~4级,并采用简式Fugl-Meye运动功能(FMS)评分评估患者入院时和入院后2周以及末次随访(≥18个月)的肌力,分析DTI参数与肌力恢复的相关性。结果入院时不同CST分级的脑出血患者其病变侧部分各向异性分数(FA)值为1级>2级>3级>4级,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。入院时和末次随访时CST 1~2级患者的FMS评分显著高于3~4级者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),1级和2级之间的FMS评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。入院2周时不同CST分级的脑出血患者其病变侧FA值为1级>2级>3级>4级,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。入院2周和末次随访时不同CST分级患者的FMS评分为1级>2级>3级>4级,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。入院时病变侧的FA值与入院时的FMS评分呈显著正相关(r=0.653,P=0.012),而与末次随访时的FMS无显著相关性(r=0.326,P=0.053)。入院2周时病变侧的FA值与入院时的FMS评分和末次随访时的FMS均呈显著正相关(r=0.598,0.523,P=0.016,0.025)。结论脑出血患者不同时间点的DTI参数与患者的肌力均有关,与入院时相比,入院后2周的DTI参数与患者的肌力恢复的关系更为密切。 Objective To investigate the correlation between diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and limb muscle recovery at different time points in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Sixty-six patients with cerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia area were prospectively collected from May 2015 to May 2016. DTI scans were performed at admission and 2 weeks after admission respectively. Corticospinal tract (CST) was reconstructed and divided into CST 1 to 4, and the simple Fugl-Meye motor function (FMS) score was used to assess the muscle strength of patients on admission and 2 weeks after admission and the last follow-up (≥ 18 months), and to analyze the correlation between DTI parameters and muscle strength recovery . Results The anisotropy scores (FA) of patients with different CST grade on admission were grade 1> grade 2> grade 3> grade 4, with statistical significance (P <0.05). The FMS scores of patients with CST grade 1 ~ 2 at the time of admission and at the last follow-up were significantly higher than those of patients with grades 3 to 4 (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in FMS score between grade 1 and 2 Significance (P> 0.05). At 2 weeks after admission, the FA of lesioned patients with different CST grade were grade 1> grade 2> grade 3> grade 4, with significant differences (P <0.05). FMS scores of patients with different CST grading at admission and at the last follow-up were grade 1> grade 2> grade 3> grade 4, with significant differences (P <0.05). There was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.653, P = 0.012) between the FA values ​​at the time of admission and the FMS scores at admission, but no significant correlation with FMS at the last follow-up (r = 0.326, P = 0.053). At 2 weeks after admission, the FA value on the lesion side was significantly positively correlated with the FMS score at admission and the FMS at the final follow-up (r = 0.598, 0.523, P = 0.016,0.025). Conclusions The DTI parameters at different time points in patients with ICH are related to the muscle strength of patients. Compared with those at admission, the DTI parameters at 2 weeks after admission are more closely related to the patients’ muscle strength recovery.