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目的对住院死亡儿童年龄分布、入院后死亡时间、住院病死率及其变化趋势进行分析,为降低病死率提供依据。方法对2003年-2013年某医院住院694例死亡病例进行回顾性统计分析。结果住院儿童总住院病死率0.73%,新生儿组为29.0%,婴儿组为28.7%、幼儿组为22.6%;、学龄前儿童组为6.6%、学龄儿童组为13.1%。住院1天以内者死亡多,占死亡总数的55.9%;期间住院病死率比较差异有非常显著性(P<0.01),总体呈下降趋势;主要死因疾病系统分类居前5位的是:起源于围产期疾病、传染与寄生虫病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤与中毒、先天性畸形,占死亡总数的77.5%;不同年龄组儿童死亡的主要原因不同。结论降低儿童住院病死率的关键是加强围生期保健、预防呼吸道感染、提高医务人员急诊抢救水平、减少中毒意外事件发生。应根据不同年龄组的特点,采取不同的疾病防治措施。
Objective To analyze the age distribution of hospitalized children, the time of death after hospitalization, the in-hospital mortality rate and its changing trend in order to reduce the mortality. Methods A retrospective statistical analysis of 694 deaths in a hospital from 2003 to 2013 was conducted. Results The total in-hospital mortality was 0.73% in infants, 29.0% in infants, 28.7% in infants, 22.6% in infants, 6.6% in preschool children and 13.1% in school-age children. There were more deaths within one day of hospitalization, accounting for 55.9% of the total deaths; the in-hospital mortality rates during the period were significantly different (P <0.01), with a general downward trend; the top five major causes of death diseases were: Perinatal diseases, infections and parasitic diseases, respiratory diseases, injuries and poisoning, congenital malformations accounted for 77.5% of the total deaths; the main causes of death in different age groups were different. Conclusion The key to reduce the hospital mortality rate of children is to strengthen the perinatal care, prevent respiratory infections, improve the emergency rescue of medical staff and reduce the incidence of poisoning accidents. Should be based on the characteristics of different age groups, take different disease prevention and control measures.