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中国工业是资源消费和污染物排放的主要源头,解析工业各行业的生态效率可为中国产业结构调整和整体环境质量改善提供必要信息.在分析工业构成并构建工业系统与外部环境之间关系的基础上,选择能源消费和废水、固体废物、SO2、工业烟尘、粉尘等污染物的排放量作为研究的环境影响类别,界定了与这些环境影响相关的生态效率,估算了中国2007年的工业生态效率现状,结果为:能源效率615.5万元·ktce-1;废水和固废方面的生态效率分别为54.3万元·kt-1和1.9万元·t-1;工业SO2、烟尘和粉尘方面的生态效率分别为59.6、169.2和184.6万元·t-1.深入分析了39个工业部门的生态效率,结果表明,以上几种生态效率具有明显的行业不均衡性,表现为不同行业在不同类型生态效率中的工业排序明显不同;与此同时,对于同一种生态效率,不同工业行业的数值可相差几百倍到几万倍,表明通过优化工业结构将具有较大的提高工业生态效率的可能性.
China’s industry is the main source of resource consumption and pollutant emissions, and analyzing the ecological efficiency of various industries can provide the necessary information for the adjustment of industrial structure and the improvement of overall environmental quality in China.With the analysis of the relationship between industrial structure and the external environment Based on this, we select the energy consumption and the discharge of pollutants such as waste water, solid waste, SO2, industrial dust, dust and other pollutants as the studied environmental impact categories, define the ecological efficiency related to these environmental impacts, and estimate the 2007 China’s industrial ecology Efficiency, the result is: energy efficiency of 6155000 yuan · ktce-1; wastewater and solid waste ecological efficiency of 543,000 yuan respectively · kt-1 and 19,000 yuan · t-1; industrial SO2, soot and dust The ecological efficiency were 59.6,169.2 and 1,846,000 yuan · t-1 respectively. In-depth analysis of the eco-efficiency of 39 industrial sectors showed that the above eco-efficiency has obvious industry imbalances, manifested in different industries in different types In the meantime, the industrial rankings in eco-efficiency are obviously different; at the same time, the values of different industrial sectors can vary by a few hundredfold to tens of thousandsfold for the same eco-efficiency, indicating By optimizing the industrial structure will have greater potential for improving industrial eco-efficiency.