Worldwide, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemics poseserious threats to global health, currently infecting 130 million and 40 million people respectively. Of those infected with HIV, an estimated 4-12 million are co-infected with HCV. Due to shared risk factors for transmission, co-infection with HIV and HCV is common in China. Liver disease was the second leading cause of death behind acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in co-infected patients. Several studies have confirmed that HIV co-infection accelerates the clinical course of chronic HCV infection and leads to an increased risk of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and decompensated liver disease. While some studies have shown an increased risk of progression to AIDS andAIDS-related death among HIV-HCV positive persons, others found that HCV may not affect the clinical course of HIV infection. The current optimal therapeutic approach to HCV infection in HIV co-infected patients is peg-IFN plus ribavirin but further investigation is ongoing to improve outcomes.