土家族是湘、鄂、渝、黔毗连地带的一个历史悠久的少数民族,主要分布于云贵高原东端余脉的大娄山、武陵山及大巴山麓的十万余平方公里的土地上。这里山峦叠嶂,沟壑纵横,不论从自然环境还是从地理条件看,都是一个特色鲜明、相对独立、有着自身优势的地区。在千百年来与自然抗争的过程中与漫长的民族文化发展中,土家族的先民们执 Tujia is a long-standing ethnic minority in the adjoining areas of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing and Guizhou. It is mainly distributed on the land of more than 100,000 square kilometers at the foot of Dalu Mountain, Wuling Mountain and Ba Bus at the eastern margin of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Here mountain peaks, gully aspect, whether from the natural environment or from the geographical conditions, is a distinctive, relatively independent, has its own advantages in the region. In the process of fighting against nature for thousands of years and in the long process of development of national culture, the Tujia people’s ancestors