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目的:比较不同年龄大鼠神经再生趋化性在解剖特异性水平上的差异,为研究分娩性臂丛损伤(产瘫)患儿易出现同步收缩的发生机制提供实验基础。方法:大鼠按年龄分幼年组和成年组各20只,建立解剖特异性模型:右侧坐骨神经切断以后,其中胫神经近端接 Y 形硅胶管入口端,Y 形管两出口分别接远端胫神经和腓总神经,术后3、6周分别采用神经电图、组织学方法检测神经再生。结果:术后3、6周,成年组胫、腓总神经传导速度的比值分别为7.27±8.63和3.44±1.67,波幅比值分别为12.45±25.03和4.32±2.87;幼年组胫、腓总神经传导速度的比值分别为1.80±1.65和0.97±0.42,波幅比值分别为2.29±3.37和1.22±0.62,两组的神经传导速度及波幅的比值的差异在术后3、6周均有统计学意义(秩和值 T 分别为73,60,74和65,P<0.05)。成年组远端胫神经有髓轴索数/腓总神经有髓轴索数(甲苯铵蓝染色)的比值在术后3、6周分别为9.62±9.30和8.94±6.20,幼年组分别为1.26±0.62和1.73±2.49,两组的差异均有高度统计学意义(T 值分别为64和62,P<0.01)。结论:幼年大鼠神经再生趋化性的解剖特异性较成年大鼠差,这可能是临床上分娩性臂丛损伤较成人臂丛损伤更易发生主动肌与拮抗肌的同步收缩的原因之一。
OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences in the anatomical specificity of neuroregeneration in rats of different ages, and to provide an experimental basis for studying the mechanism of synchronic contraction in children with labor brachial plexus injury. Methods: Anatomy-specific model was established in 20 young and 20 adult rats according to age. After the right sciatic nerve was cut off, the proximal end of the tibial nerve was connected to the inlet end of the Y-shaped silicone tube and the two ends of the Y-shaped tube were respectively connected to the distal end Tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve. Electromyogram and histological method were used to detect nerve regeneration at 3 and 6 weeks after operation. Results: At 3 and 6 weeks after operation, the ratios of tibia and peroneal nerve conduction velocity in adult group were 7.27 ± 8.63 and 3.44 ± 1.67, respectively, and the amplitude ratios were 12.45 ± 25.03 and 4.32 ± 2.87 respectively. The tibiofibular general nerve conduction The ratio of velocity was 1.80 ± 1.65 and 0.97 ± 0.42 respectively, the amplitude ratio was 2.29 ± 3.37 and 1.22 ± 0.62 respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups in the ratio of nerve conduction velocity and amplitude at 3 and 6 weeks Rank sum value T were 73,60,74 and 65 respectively, P <0.05). The ratios of medullary axonal number / medullary axotral axis (toluidine blue staining) of distal tibial nerve in adult group were 9.62 ± 9.30 and 8.94 ± 6.20 respectively at 3 and 6 weeks after operation, while in young group were 1.26 ± 0.62 and 1.73 ± 2.49 respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups (T = 64 and 62, respectively, P <0.01). CONCLUSION: The anatomical specificity of neuroregeneration in juvenile rats is worse than that of adult rats, which may be one of the reasons why synchronous brachial plexus injury is more likely to occur in synchronized contraction of active and antagonistic muscles than brachial plexus injury in adults.