罗莎·卢森堡与列宁就社会民主党实行“自我集中制”还是“极权集中制”这一组织原则问题进行过激烈的争论。列宁认为集中制是党坚强战斗力的保证,为当时俄国社会所必须;卢森堡则认为列宁式的集中制不利于对机会主义的斗争,只有通过实行党内民主才是正确之选。虽然产生论争的原因错综复杂,但深入细致地分析他们之间对于组织原则问题的争论过程,有助于加深我们对无产阶级政党组织原则的正确认识。 Rosa Luxemburg and Lenin held fierce arguments on the organizational principle of “self-concentration” or “totalitarianism” of Social Democrats. Lenin believed that centralism was the guarantee of the party’s strong combat effectiveness and was necessary for Russian society at that time. Luxembourg believed that the Leninist system of concentration was not conducive to the struggle against opportunism, which was the correct choice only through the implementation of intra-party democracy. Although the reasons for the controversy are complex, it is of great help to analyze the process of their dispute over the principle of organization in depth and to deepen our understanding of the principles of the organization of proletarian parties.