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市场准入是关于别国产品和服务进入本国市场的规定，指在多大程度上允许别国商品和服务的进入，也就是开放市场问题。为了保护国内企业的生产免受进口商品的冲击，多数国家都对在国际市场上没有竞争力的本国产品或行业进行保护，不让外国商品无限制地进入本国。这些措施主要有?
Market access is a provision concerning the entry of products and services of other countries into the domestic market, and refers to the extent to which the entry of goods and services from other countries is permitted, that is, the issue of open markets. In order to protect the production of domestic enterprises from the impact of imported goods, most countries protect domestic products or industries that are not competitive in the international market and do not allow foreign goods to enter the country without restrictions. What are the main measures?