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Abstract: In this paper, the authors try to export an equation which describes the variation of kinematic viscosity in blends of diesel fuel with biodiesel. Using specific volume of these blends, the authors determine kinematic viscosity via method ASTM D 445-06 using a capillary glass viscometer in order to study the contribution of quantity of biodiesel and convert the statistical data into mathematic relation as a specific formula, attempting to achieve an empirical evaluation. Trying to accomplish this, the authors studied the way how the values of variables are changed and whether a relation exists using dispersion diagrams. From the graphic depiction, the authors realized that the relation is linear and they proceeded to regression analysis. The analysis extracted the conclusion that the relation was strong and the values of the dependent variable kinematic viscosity was depended on a large percentage of the values of the mixture of fuels.
Key words: Diesel, biodiesel, statistical analysis, kinematic viscosity, equation.
1. Introduction
The market of petroleum products is enlarged as a consequence of the changes in the environment of life that have originated from the improvement of the living conditions, the cities expanding as a result of the massive population movement and the expanded basic needs.
Next to this, the national trade balance and the economic development are influenced by this compulsory demand since the country imports more crude oil products owing to the expansive requirement.
Additionally, the transportation energy use of diesel causes a serious environmental pollution by its gases, leading EU countries to command against them and avoid the bad side effects of the polluted environment that are green house effect, acid rain and serious health issues.
So, all the referred arguments make the biodiesel an only-way solution that will replace the diesel oil as long as it is able to respond to the current increased needs of the means of transport and has also the diesel oil characteristics so as to meet the requirements of producing the appropriate energy. Its main features are to be mixable, efficient and stable unexceptionally [1].
References
[1] D. Ramesh, A. Samapathrajan, P. Venkatachalam Production of biodiesel from jatropha curcas oil by using pilot biodiesel plant, Agrl. Engg. College & Research Institute, India, 2002.
[2] F. Ma, A.M. Hanna, Biodiesel production: A review, Bioresource Technology 70 (1) (1999) 1-15. [3] S. Furuta, H. Matsuhashi, K. Arata, Biodiesel fuel production with solid superacid catalysis in fixed bedreactor under atmospheric pressure, Catalysis Communications 5 (12) (2004) 721-723.
[4] W. Du, Y. Xu, D. Liu, J. Zeng, Comparative study on lipase-catalyzed transformation of soybean oil for biodiesel production with different acyl acceptors, Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic 30 (2004) 125-129.
[5] Changes in Diesel Fuel: The Service Technician’s Guide to Compression Ignition Fuel Quality, National Biodiesel Board, Jefferson City, USA.
[6] Diesel Fuels Technical Review, Chevron Corporation, USA.
[7] D. Greene, Motor fuel choice: An econometric analysis, Transportation Research Part A: General (23) (3) (1989) 243-253.
[8] E. Stiakakis, P. Fouliras, The impact of environ-mental practices on firms’ efficiency: The case of ICT-producing sectors, Operational Research: An International Journal 9(3) (2009) 311-328.
[9] C.G. Tsanaktsidis, S.G. Christidis, G.T. Tzilantonis, Study about effect of processed biodiesel in physicochemical properties of mixtures with diesel fuel in order to increase their antifouling action, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 1 (2) (2010) 205-207.
[10] J.J.V. Gerpen, B. Shanks, R. Pruszko, D. Clements, G. Knothe, Biodiesel production technology, Subcontractor Report Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL/SR-510-36244, Battelle, July, 2004.
[11] G. Knothe, Analyzing biodiesel: Standards and other methods, Review JAOCS 83 (10) (2006) 823-833.
[12] ASTM D1298-99: Standard test method for density relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products by hydrometer method, 2005.
[13] ASTM D445-06: Standard test method for kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids (and calculation of dynamic viscosity), 2006.
[14] ASTM D1744-92: Standard test method for determination of water in liquid petroleum products by Karl Fischer reagent (withdrawn 2000).
[15] ASTM D4809-09a: Standard test method for heat of combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuels by bomb calorimeter (precision method), 2009.
[16] ASTM D664-09a: Standard test method for acid number of petroleum products by potentiometric titration, 2009.
[17] C.G. Tsanaktsidis, V.M. Vasileiadis, K.G. Spinthiropoulos, S.G. Christidis, A.Ε. Garefalakis, Statistical analysis to export an equation in order to determine heat of combustion in blends of diesel fuel with biodiesel, in: Proceedings of International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information, and Systems Sciences, and Engineering (CISSE 2011), University of Bridgeport, USA, December 3-6, 2011.
[18] G.M. Ljung, G.E.P. Box, On a measure of a lack of fit in time series models, Biometrika 65 (2) (1978) 297-303.
[19] R. Engle, Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation, Econometrica 50 (1982) 987-1007.
Key words: Diesel, biodiesel, statistical analysis, kinematic viscosity, equation.
1. Introduction
The market of petroleum products is enlarged as a consequence of the changes in the environment of life that have originated from the improvement of the living conditions, the cities expanding as a result of the massive population movement and the expanded basic needs.
Next to this, the national trade balance and the economic development are influenced by this compulsory demand since the country imports more crude oil products owing to the expansive requirement.
Additionally, the transportation energy use of diesel causes a serious environmental pollution by its gases, leading EU countries to command against them and avoid the bad side effects of the polluted environment that are green house effect, acid rain and serious health issues.
So, all the referred arguments make the biodiesel an only-way solution that will replace the diesel oil as long as it is able to respond to the current increased needs of the means of transport and has also the diesel oil characteristics so as to meet the requirements of producing the appropriate energy. Its main features are to be mixable, efficient and stable unexceptionally [1].
References
[1] D. Ramesh, A. Samapathrajan, P. Venkatachalam Production of biodiesel from jatropha curcas oil by using pilot biodiesel plant, Agrl. Engg. College & Research Institute, India, 2002.
[2] F. Ma, A.M. Hanna, Biodiesel production: A review, Bioresource Technology 70 (1) (1999) 1-15. [3] S. Furuta, H. Matsuhashi, K. Arata, Biodiesel fuel production with solid superacid catalysis in fixed bedreactor under atmospheric pressure, Catalysis Communications 5 (12) (2004) 721-723.
[4] W. Du, Y. Xu, D. Liu, J. Zeng, Comparative study on lipase-catalyzed transformation of soybean oil for biodiesel production with different acyl acceptors, Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic 30 (2004) 125-129.
[5] Changes in Diesel Fuel: The Service Technician’s Guide to Compression Ignition Fuel Quality, National Biodiesel Board, Jefferson City, USA.
[6] Diesel Fuels Technical Review, Chevron Corporation, USA.
[7] D. Greene, Motor fuel choice: An econometric analysis, Transportation Research Part A: General (23) (3) (1989) 243-253.
[8] E. Stiakakis, P. Fouliras, The impact of environ-mental practices on firms’ efficiency: The case of ICT-producing sectors, Operational Research: An International Journal 9(3) (2009) 311-328.
[9] C.G. Tsanaktsidis, S.G. Christidis, G.T. Tzilantonis, Study about effect of processed biodiesel in physicochemical properties of mixtures with diesel fuel in order to increase their antifouling action, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 1 (2) (2010) 205-207.
[10] J.J.V. Gerpen, B. Shanks, R. Pruszko, D. Clements, G. Knothe, Biodiesel production technology, Subcontractor Report Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute, National Renewable Energy Laboratory NREL/SR-510-36244, Battelle, July, 2004.
[11] G. Knothe, Analyzing biodiesel: Standards and other methods, Review JAOCS 83 (10) (2006) 823-833.
[12] ASTM D1298-99: Standard test method for density relative density (specific gravity), or API gravity of crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products by hydrometer method, 2005.
[13] ASTM D445-06: Standard test method for kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids (and calculation of dynamic viscosity), 2006.
[14] ASTM D1744-92: Standard test method for determination of water in liquid petroleum products by Karl Fischer reagent (withdrawn 2000).
[15] ASTM D4809-09a: Standard test method for heat of combustion of liquid hydrocarbon fuels by bomb calorimeter (precision method), 2009.
[16] ASTM D664-09a: Standard test method for acid number of petroleum products by potentiometric titration, 2009.
[17] C.G. Tsanaktsidis, V.M. Vasileiadis, K.G. Spinthiropoulos, S.G. Christidis, A.Ε. Garefalakis, Statistical analysis to export an equation in order to determine heat of combustion in blends of diesel fuel with biodiesel, in: Proceedings of International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information, and Systems Sciences, and Engineering (CISSE 2011), University of Bridgeport, USA, December 3-6, 2011.
[18] G.M. Ljung, G.E.P. Box, On a measure of a lack of fit in time series models, Biometrika 65 (2) (1978) 297-303.
[19] R. Engle, Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity with estimates of the variance of United Kingdom inflation, Econometrica 50 (1982) 987-1007.