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职业性肺病是吸入或咽下粉尘颗粒或有毒化学物质引起的一大类疾病,包括肺尘埃沉着病、石棉相关性胸膜炎和肺实质疾病、化学性局限性肺炎、职业性感染、过敏性肺炎和有机粉尘中毒综合征等。生活在大城市的居民吸入的粉尘约2mg/d,粉尘职业的工人吸入量是一般人的100倍。职业性肺病的发生、发展与吸入物质的毒性反应、强度、持续时间以及生理的、生物的宿主易感性有关。依据被吸入物质的物理状态,决定了病变部位以下呼吸道多见。环境因素所致的炎症和水肿等急性反应及纤维化或颗粒形成的慢性反应已经被证实。本文对大范围职业性肺病相关的职业的、病理生理学的特征,及这些疾病的典型放射学和CT征象进行综述,以提高认识。
Occupational lung disease is a major group of diseases caused by inhalation or ingestion of dust particles or toxic chemicals, including pneumoconiosis, asbestos-related pleuritis and pulmonary parenchymal disease, chemical pneumonitis, occupational infections, allergic pneumonia and Organic dust poisoning syndrome. Residents living in big cities inhale about 2mg / d of dust, dust-inhaled workers 100 times the average inhabitant. Occurrence and development of occupational lung disease are related to the toxicity, intensity and duration of inhaled substances, as well as physiological and biological host susceptibility. According to the physical state of inhaled substances, determine the lesion more common respiratory tract. Environmental factors such as inflammation and edema and other acute reactions and fibrosis or granulation of the chronic reaction has been confirmed. This article provides an overview of occupational, pathophysiological characteristics associated with a broad range of occupational lung diseases and their typical radiological and CT findings in order to raise awareness.