Using the empirical electron theory of solids and molecules (EET), the phase structure factors, nA and nB, of the carbon-containing structural units with mass fraction of carbon (wC) below 0.8% and the mono-alloy structural units with wC at 0.2% in austenite and martensite are calculated. The solid solution strengthening brought by C-containing interstitial solid solution and alloy-substitutional solid solution in γ-Fe and α-Fe is discussed at electron structural level. The coefficient (s) of solid solution strengthening is advanced according to the bonding force between atoms. The study shows that when the criterion is applied to the carbonaceous or alloying element-containing solid solution the results of calculation will coincide with the experimental result very well.