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目的了解贵州省麻疹流行状况,探讨消除麻疹策略。方法对贵州省2003~2005年麻疹监测系统报告资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果3年全省共报告麻疹18 943例,呈高度散发,<10岁病例占总病例数的83.5%,发病高峰在3~6月。2005年确诊病例发病率0.49/10万(191例),比2003年下降了97.6%,报告麻疹病例中>1/3是风疹。1岁和<7岁确诊病例分别占总确诊病例的29.3%和69.1%,其中无麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)免疫史的分别占80.4%、67.4%。结论MV强化免疫后,麻疹发病率大幅下降。为保持MV强化免疫取得的成果,应切实做好18~23月龄儿童MV复种和入托、入学儿童查验预防接种证工作,使漏种儿童得到补种的机会;加强麻疹监测,提高实验室确诊病例的比例,同时在3~4年后开展MV后续免疫。
Objective To understand the epidemic situation of measles in Guizhou Province and to explore the strategy of eliminating measles. Methods Epidemiological analysis of measles surveillance system in Guizhou Province from 2003 to 2005 was conducted. Results A total of 18 943 measles cases were reported in the province during the past three years. The cases were highly distributed, accounting for 83.5% of the total number of cases <10 years of age. The peak incidence peaked from March to June. The incidence of confirmed cases in 2005 was 0.49 / 100,000 (191 cases), a decrease of 97.6% from 2003. More than one third of the reported measles cases were rubella. The confirmed cases of 1 year old and <7 years old accounted for 29.3% and 69.1% of the total confirmed cases, respectively, of which 80.4% and 67.4% were immunized without live attenuated measles vaccine. Conclusion The incidence of measles dropped significantly after MV boost. In order to maintain the results of MV-enhanced immunization, MV multiplication and nursery should be effectively carried out in children aged 18 to 23 months, check vaccination certificates for children in school so as to make missed seeding opportunities for replanting; to strengthen measles surveillance and improve laboratory diagnosis The proportion of cases, while 3 to 4 years after the launch of MV follow-up immunization.