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观察比较了超级杂交稻协优 930 8和高产杂交稻协优 6 3的生理特性。与高产杂交稻协优 6 3相比 ,超级杂交稻协优 930 8表现出两个明显的顶端优势 ,即营养生长期间的“茎蘖顶端优势”和灌浆成熟期间的“粒间顶端优势”。认为这两优势是协优 930 8超高产的生理特性和基础 ,据此提出以单茎 (蘖 )物质生产优势为基础 ,以“两个顶端优势”为中心的超级杂交稻协优 930 8的“生理模型”,即 (1)协优 930 8干物质生产能力高 ,全生育期单株干物质生产量达 12 0 g;抽穗后仍具有较高生产力 ,此间生物产量占总生物产量的 40 %。 (2 )营养生长期“茎蘖顶端优势”显著 ,有效分蘖终止期较早 ,出现在移栽后 2周左右 ,幼穗发育整齐 ,成穗率 >6 5 %。 (3)灌浆成熟期“粒间顶端优势”显著 ,优势粒灌浆势高 ,齐穗后第 2周便达到灌浆势的峰值 ,此后仍保持一定的灌浆能力 ;劣势粒灌浆进程比优势粒滞后 ,在临近成熟时 ,仍未出现灌浆势峰值 ;支撑劣势粒灌浆势不减的生理机制是 :根系衰老迟缓 ,花后物质运转势较高 ,功能叶衰老迟缓。这一超级杂交稻“生理模型”的经济产量指标是 11～ 12 t/ hm2 。
The physiological characteristics of super hybrid rice Xieyou 930 8 and high yield hybrid rice Xieyou 6 3 were observed and compared. Compared with the high-yielding hybrid rice Xieyou63, the super hybrid rice Xieyou9308 showed two obvious apical dominance, that is, the “apical dominance of stem tiller” during vegetative growth and the “intergrain apical dominance” during filling maturation. It is considered that these two advantages are the physiological characteristics and basis of the super high yield of Xieyou 9308. Based on this, the super hybrid rice Xieyou 930 8 based on the advantages of single stem (tiller) production and the center of “two top advantages” “Physiological model” means that: (1) Xieyou 9308 has a high dry matter production capacity and a total dry matter production of 12 0 g during the whole growth period; it still has high productivity after heading, and the biomass output here accounts for 40% of the total biomass %. (2) The vegetative growth period “stem tiller tip superiority” was significant, the effective tillering termination period earlier appeared about 2 weeks after transplanting, the young panicle developed neatly, the spike rate was> 65%. (3) The top-grain superiority of grain filling was significant at the grain-filling maturity stage. The dominant grain filling potential was high, reached the peak of grain filling potential in the second week after heading, and still maintained a certain degree of grain filling ability afterwards. The inferior grain filling process lagged behind the dominant grain, In the near maturity, the peak of filling potential has not yet appeared. The physiological mechanism of supporting the inferior filling of the inferior grains is that the root system slows down, the flowering material possesses a high potential and the functional leaves are slow to age. The economic yield of this super hybrid rice “physiological model” is 11-12 t / hm2.