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Abstract: The total electric resistance R is theoretically linearly increasing function of the conductive wire length L because the electric conductivity K or electric resistivity r is independent on L. It was found out that dependence of electric resistance R on L is highly nonlinear for yarns containing the conductive metal fibers. The main aim of this paper is creation of the simple mechanistic model describing this dependence. Characteristic parameter of this model is so called specific resistivity ?. This factor is used for expressing the influence of content of metal fibers on the yarns conductivity or resistivity changes.
Key words: Electric conductivity, hybrid yarns, metal fibers.
1. Introduction??
proposed model without linear term and intercept was created. The relatively good fit is visible for all samples.
The dependence of logarithm of specific resistivity factor on conductive particles content in yarn is shown in Fig. 4. It is clear that with increasing percentage of metal fiber, the conductivity is increasing; resp. specific resistivity factor is decreasing. The significant drop of specific resistivity factor is possible to identify by direct comparison of the evaluated race constants, which is about 10% of conductive steel fibers in the yarn. The percolation threshold is therefore probably about 10% of conductive component.
6. Conclusions
Yarns containing different portion of metal fiber in staple length were designed and fabricated. These electro-conductive yarns are preserving main properties of traditional textile structures and are appropriate for preparation of woven or knitted textile structures by means of traditional textile machinery.
These yarns were studied in term of electric conductivity. More precisely, dependence of electric resistance on length was observed. It was shown that dependence of electric conductivity on the length of yarn is highly nonlinear which is in contradiction with behavior of metals and some composites. The simple mechanistic model was proposed for modeling of this dependence.
It was found that power function model is suitable for polypropylene yarns with some percentage of steel conductive fibers. The calculated specific resistivity factor can be used for prediction of percolation threshold, i.e. optimizing composition of these yarns.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support under project TIP-MPO 2009“Electromagnetic field protective textiles with improved comfort” of Czech Ministry of Industry and student project 2011 “Comparison of methods for evaluating the shielding effectiveness of textiles” of Technical University of Liberec.
References
[1] M. Neruda, L. Vojtěch, RF protective clothing development, in: Proceedings of the 2010 Networking and Electronic Commerce Research Conference, Dallas, TX: American Telecomunications Systems Management Association Inc., 2010, pp. 203-207.
[2] A. Harlin, Intelligent textiles and clothing, Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, Introduction to conductive materials, 2006, p. 506.
[3] P. Lennox-Kerr, Current state of electrically conductive materials, High Performance Textiles, 1990, pp. 6-7.
[4] R. Perumalraja, Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of copper core-woven fabrics, J. Text. Inst. 100 (2009) 512-524.
[5] S. Varnaite, The use of conductive yarns in woven fabric for protection against electrostatic field, Materials Science (MED?IAGOTYRA) 16 (2010) 133-137.
[6] A.A. Hebeish, Major factors affecting the performance of ESD-protective fabrics, J. Text. Inst. 101 (2010) 389-398.
[7] M. Chedid, Experimental analysis and modeling of textile transmission line for wearable applications, Int. J. Clothing Sci. Technol. 19 (2007) 59-71.
[8] D. Cottet, Electrical characterization of textile transmission lines, IEEE Trans. on Adv. Packaging 26(2003) 182-190.
[9] B. Kim, Electrical and morphological properties of PP and PET conductive polymer fibers, Synth. Metals 146(2004) 167-174.
[10] M. Militky, V. ?afá?ová, Anomalous electrical resistance of hybrid yarns containing metal fiber, In Fiber Society 2011 Spring Conference Proceedings, Hong Kong.
[11] Gokturk, Effect of the particle shape and size distribution on the electrical and magnetic properties of nickel/polyethylene composite, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 50(1993) 1891-1901.
[12] M.L. Clingerman, Evaluation of electrical conductivity models for conductive polymer composites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 83 (2002) 1341-1356.
Key words: Electric conductivity, hybrid yarns, metal fibers.
1. Introduction??
proposed model without linear term and intercept was created. The relatively good fit is visible for all samples.
The dependence of logarithm of specific resistivity factor on conductive particles content in yarn is shown in Fig. 4. It is clear that with increasing percentage of metal fiber, the conductivity is increasing; resp. specific resistivity factor is decreasing. The significant drop of specific resistivity factor is possible to identify by direct comparison of the evaluated race constants, which is about 10% of conductive steel fibers in the yarn. The percolation threshold is therefore probably about 10% of conductive component.
6. Conclusions
Yarns containing different portion of metal fiber in staple length were designed and fabricated. These electro-conductive yarns are preserving main properties of traditional textile structures and are appropriate for preparation of woven or knitted textile structures by means of traditional textile machinery.
These yarns were studied in term of electric conductivity. More precisely, dependence of electric resistance on length was observed. It was shown that dependence of electric conductivity on the length of yarn is highly nonlinear which is in contradiction with behavior of metals and some composites. The simple mechanistic model was proposed for modeling of this dependence.
It was found that power function model is suitable for polypropylene yarns with some percentage of steel conductive fibers. The calculated specific resistivity factor can be used for prediction of percolation threshold, i.e. optimizing composition of these yarns.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support under project TIP-MPO 2009“Electromagnetic field protective textiles with improved comfort” of Czech Ministry of Industry and student project 2011 “Comparison of methods for evaluating the shielding effectiveness of textiles” of Technical University of Liberec.
References
[1] M. Neruda, L. Vojtěch, RF protective clothing development, in: Proceedings of the 2010 Networking and Electronic Commerce Research Conference, Dallas, TX: American Telecomunications Systems Management Association Inc., 2010, pp. 203-207.
[2] A. Harlin, Intelligent textiles and clothing, Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, Introduction to conductive materials, 2006, p. 506.
[3] P. Lennox-Kerr, Current state of electrically conductive materials, High Performance Textiles, 1990, pp. 6-7.
[4] R. Perumalraja, Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of copper core-woven fabrics, J. Text. Inst. 100 (2009) 512-524.
[5] S. Varnaite, The use of conductive yarns in woven fabric for protection against electrostatic field, Materials Science (MED?IAGOTYRA) 16 (2010) 133-137.
[6] A.A. Hebeish, Major factors affecting the performance of ESD-protective fabrics, J. Text. Inst. 101 (2010) 389-398.
[7] M. Chedid, Experimental analysis and modeling of textile transmission line for wearable applications, Int. J. Clothing Sci. Technol. 19 (2007) 59-71.
[8] D. Cottet, Electrical characterization of textile transmission lines, IEEE Trans. on Adv. Packaging 26(2003) 182-190.
[9] B. Kim, Electrical and morphological properties of PP and PET conductive polymer fibers, Synth. Metals 146(2004) 167-174.
[10] M. Militky, V. ?afá?ová, Anomalous electrical resistance of hybrid yarns containing metal fiber, In Fiber Society 2011 Spring Conference Proceedings, Hong Kong.
[11] Gokturk, Effect of the particle shape and size distribution on the electrical and magnetic properties of nickel/polyethylene composite, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 50(1993) 1891-1901.
[12] M.L. Clingerman, Evaluation of electrical conductivity models for conductive polymer composites, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 83 (2002) 1341-1356.