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实在的被害人承诺和推定的被害人承诺的本质区别即现实的承诺行为是否存在。学界关于推定承诺的正当化依据有紧急避险说、无因管理说、允许危险说等学说。推定承诺有为被害人利益和为他人利益的推定承诺之分。推定承诺的有效要件主要包括:共同性要件、补充性情形、为被害人利益意思、行为所造成损害具有社会的相当性。
The essential difference between a real victim’s promise and a presumed victim’s promise is the existence of a realistic promise. The legitimacy of the academic community on the presumption of promises is that there is an emergency hedge, that no doctrine of danger is allowed because of management theory. Presumption of commitment has a presumption of commitment for the benefit of the victim and for the benefit of others. The effective elements of the presumption of commitment mainly include the following: commonality requirements and complementary situations, which have the social equivalent for the interests of the victim and the damage caused by the act.