一、溢油事故概况随着石油工业的迅速发展,海上石油运输量不断增长,世界石油总产量的60%是通过海上运输的,据统计1980年海上石油运输量约为24亿吨。由于海上油轮船队和油码头的建设与发展,油污染事故亦不断发生,据推算世界每年排入海洋的石油及其制品可达500余万吨,其中约有200万吨是从油轮排出或由于油轮发生事故溢出的。又据统计自1956年9月至1980年3月间世界船舶溢油量在1000吨以上者,共发生110余起,其中港内占92%,海上占8%。溢油的原因大部分是由于操作不当引起的,船舶 I. Overview of oil spill accidents With the rapid development of the oil industry, the volume of oil transported by sea is on the rise. About 60% of the world’s total oil production is transported by sea. According to statistics, the volume of offshore oil transported in 1980 was about 2.4 billion tons. Due to the continual occurrence of oil pollution incidents due to the construction and development of the offshore tanker fleet and the oil wharf, it is estimated that the world’s oil and its products, which are discharged into the oceans each year, can amount to over 5 million tons of which about 2 million tons are discharged from oil tankers or Due to an accidental tanker spill. According to statistics, from September 1956 to March 1980, the world’s ship spills in more than 1,000 tons, a total of more than 110, of which 92% in Hong Kong, accounting for 8% of the sea. The main reason for oil spills is due to improper operation of the ship