本文从认知神经科学的角度对暴力这一社会问题进行了考察,并对借助合作和同情行为找到问题的解决办法作了思考。暴力是社会问题,其表现形式有着生物学基础,反映在攻击性的形成以及调控攻击性的神经机制之中。合作和同情是两种行为形式,与暴力当中激活的机制有着类似的发育、认知及大脑调控的基础,尽管两者造成的行为后果截然不同。本文将暴力和同情当作两种产生道德行为的机制加以探讨,而道德行为取决于社会文化背景是否有利于人类福祉。本文的结论是:神经认知系统是一种灵活的、可调适的机制,它参照个人生活的社会文化环境直接对行为进行调节。在这个大背景下,联合国教科文组织关于和平文化的宣言提到了与认知和人类心灵相关的概念。所以,认知神经科学为创立和改变思想观念提供了工具,而新的思想观念将最终使人类能和平共处。 This article examines the social issue of violence from the perspective of cognitive neuroscience and ponders over the solution to the problem found through cooperation and sympathy. Violence is a social problem whose manifestations have a biological basis and are reflected in the aggressive mechanisms of formation and regulation of aggressive neurons. Cooperation and compassion are two forms of behavior that underlie the mechanisms of activation, violence and violence that underlie similar developmental, cognitive and brain controls, although the consequences of the two are quite different. This article uses violence and compassion as two mechanisms for generating ethical behavior, whereas ethical behavior depends on whether the socio-cultural context contributes to human well-being. The conclusion of this paper is that the neurocognitive system is a flexible and adaptable mechanism that adjusts behavior directly with reference to the social and cultural environment of personal life. Against this backdrop, UNESCO’s declaration on a culture of peace mentions concepts related to cognition and the human mind. Therefore, cognitive neuroscience provides the tools to create and change ideas and concepts, and new ideas and concepts will ultimately enable mankind to coexist peacefully.