“五行”与“四时”是《月令》类文献中极为重要的两个命题,实际上,先秦的五行时令是一种不同于四时节令而独立运行的体系。《管子·五行》《淮南子·天文训》等文献对五行时令的描述,由于杂糅四时令的相关内容,已非五行时令的本貌。剥离开四时化及数术层面的因素,五行时令的真实含义应当是:木行首日始于冬至日后36日的水行之终,亦即三十时的“作春”节;每行为五分之一年长,五时连续运行。与此同时,先秦五行时令具有观象授时的特点,其土行之日的排定与龙星天象密切相关。 “Five Elements” and “Four Elements” are two important propositions in the “monthly” class literature. In fact, the five elements of the pre-Qin period is a system that runs independently of the four seasons. The descriptions of the five elements’ seasonal descriptions in “The Five Elements of the Pipe”, “Huainanzi Astronomy Training” and other documents have no longer been the features of the five elements of the seasonal pattern due to the blending of the contents of the four seasons. Stripping off the four-point and the number of factors, the true meaning of the five elements of the season should be: the first day of the wood began in the winter solstice 36 days after the end of the water line, which is 30 o’clock for the Spring Festival; One-fifth of the length of each line runs continuously at five o’clock. At the same time, the pre-Qin five elements of the season has the characteristics of the image granted when the date of its trip is closely related with the Lone Star phenomenon.