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在杂交种中,亲本等位基因的表达将会发生变化,导致杂交种转录组活性不同于亲本.通过比较杂交种与亲本之间的转录组活性差异,鉴定出这些差异的调控因子并建立起其与表型差异的联系,就可能从分子水平上解析杂种优势形成的机理.在水稻杂交种全基因组基因差异表达分析的不同研究中,由于所采用转录组分析平台和实验取材组织器官等的差异,所鉴别出来的差异表达基因及其在杂交种中的表达变化模式各不相同.然而,某些研究也揭示了一些共性的结果,主要体现在水稻杂交种中差异表达基因的生物学功能在光合作用、碳水化合物代谢和能量代谢途径中富集.对于导致水稻杂交种转录组活性变化的原因,可以从基于基因启动子区顺式调控元件和与其相结合的反式作用因子的遗传调控机制,以及从基于DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和小RNA的表观遗传调控机制两方面来进行解释.今后在水稻杂交种转录组活性变化的分析中,需要针对特定的生物学性状来进行,并提高基因差异表达分析的精确性和特异性.此外,由于杂种优势是多个数量性状的综合体现,可以将全基因组的基因差异表达分析与杂种优势的QTL(quantitative trait loci,数量性状位点)定位及GWAS(genome-wide association studies,全基因组关联分析)等数量遗传学方法相结合,以对水稻杂种优势分子机理进行深入解析.
In hybrids, the expression of the parental alleles will change, resulting in hybrid transcriptome activity different from that of the parent.Through comparing the differences in transcriptome activity between hybrids and parents, these differences in regulatory elements are identified and established It is possible to analyze the mechanism of heterosis formation at molecular level in different studies of differential expression of the whole genome of rice hybrids due to the relationship between phenotypic differences and transcriptome analysis.As a result of the transcriptome analysis platform and experimental tissues and organs However, some studies also revealed some common results, mainly reflected in the biological function of differentially expressed genes in rice hybrids Which is enriched in photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism pathway.The genetic control of transcriptome activity in rice hybrids may be based on the genetic regulation of the cis-regulatory elements and the trans-acting factors associated with them Mechanism, as well as from the perspective of DNA methylation, histone modification and epigenetic regulation of small RNA .In the future analysis of the changes of transcriptional activity of rice hybrids, we need to conduct specific biological traits and improve the accuracy and specificity of gene differential expression analysis.In addition, because heterosis is a number of quantitative traits Taken together, we can combine genome-wide differential gene expression analysis with quantitative genetic loci (QTL) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) In order to analyze the molecular mechanism of rice heterosis.