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咽下困难和构音障碍是多发性脑梗塞所致的假性球麻痹的常见症状,与认知障碍无关。 咽下困难的评价 (1)掌握病史要点:如有无反射性咳嗽、1次经口饮食量、讲话及面部状态。(2)理学检查:进行神经系统检查,如意识、知觉障碍和脑神经检查;发音器官检查,如发音、构音,韵律;观察咽下活动,包括吞唾液时有无咽下反射(喉头移动),及用注射器进行增量的饮水试验。(3)电视录相的X线检查(VF):注意在口腔、咽喉、食道各段吞咽造影剂情况及有无气管内的误咽。(4)其它检查:与咽下运动有关肌肉的检查,咽部、食道的咽下内压测定等。
Dysphagia and dysarthria are common symptoms of pseudobulbar palsy due to multiple cerebral infarcts and are not associated with cognitive impairment. Evaluation of swallowing difficulties (1) master the history of key points: If there is no reflex cough, an oral diet, speech and facial condition. (2) Neutrophil examination: Performing neurological tests such as awareness, perceptual disorders, and cranial nerve examinations; Vocal organ examinations such as vocalization, articulation, rhythm; observation of swallowing activity, including swallowing with or without swallowing ), And incremental drinking water tests with syringes. (3) video recording X-ray examination (VF): pay attention to the oral cavity, throat, esophagus swallowing contrast agent and the presence of endotracheal intubation. (4) Other tests: check the muscle with swallowing exercise, pharyngeal, esophageal swallowing pressure measurement.