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目的:检验中国居民健康“梯度” (健康状况与社会经济地位相关关系)中的城乡差异。方法:基于混合截面数据和面板数据的多元回归方法。结果:在控制了其他各种影响因素以后,使用多种健康指标和社会经济地位指标的计量分析均表明,我国农村居民的健康状况对社会经济地位的依赖性比城市居民更强。在使用面板数据固定效应回归模型排除了个人不可观察因素的影响之后,这种城乡差异依然显著。结论:本文对产生这一现象的原因进行了定性分析,认为关键原因在于我国的公共服务体系特别是医疗保障体系中存在巨大的城乡差距,农村居民处于劣势。
Objective: To test the urban-rural differences in the health of Chinese residents and the “gradient” (relationship between health status and socioeconomic status). Methods: Multiple regression methods based on mixed cross-section data and panel data. Results: After controlling for various other influencing factors, the econometric analysis using various health indicators and socio-economic status indicators shows that the health status of rural residents in our country is more dependent on the socio-economic status than urban residents. This discrepancy between urban and rural areas remains significant after using the panel-based fixed-effects regression model to exclude the effects of unobservable individuals. Conclusion: This paper qualitatively analyzes the causes of this phenomenon, and believes that the key reason is that there is a huge gap between urban and rural areas in China’s public service system, especially in the medical insurance system, and rural residents are at a disadvantage.