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金属疲劳作为一个问题已有150多年历史了。由于断裂力学分析方法的迅速发展,可能是以基于循环变形过程的传统方法为代价,近来对疲劳断裂行为有了更深入的理解。因而,工程师们现在已经有了现成的基本手段来较好地评价、控制工程材料、部件和结构的疲劳寿命的许多因素。此外,化学家、材料科学家、数学家和物理学家——其中工程师起主导作用,所做的交叉学科研究都使对久已知晓的工业问题和解决问题的路线有了更深入细致的了解。本文回顾了从我们老师的时代直到今天对金属疲劳理解的最新发展过程,最后简短展望了某些目前已具备探索条件的今后的研究领域。
Metal fatigue has been a problem for more than 150 years. Due to the rapid development of fracture mechanics analysis method, it may be that the traditional method based on the cyclic deformation process is the cost, and the fatigue fracture behavior has been more deeply understood. Thus, engineers now have ready-made basic tools to better evaluate and control many factors that affect the fatigue life of engineering materials, components, and structures. In addition, chemists, material scientists, mathematicians and physicists, in which engineers play a leading role and interdisciplinary research, have given a more in-depth and detailed understanding of long-known industrial problems and problem-solving routes. This article reviews the latest developments in the understanding of metal fatigue from our teacher’s age up to the present day, and concludes with a short summary of some of the future areas of research that we now have in place to explore.