本文针对我国收入分配差距的现状,讨论教育投资结构对收入代际流动的影响。我们构建了一个带有家庭及政府教育投资的三期世代交叠模型,区分了基础教育和高等教育阶段的人力资本投资,并对政府教育投资的变化进行政策实验,分析了不同投资结构下居民收入代际流动的变化情况,讨论了促进收入流动性的政策选择。通过数值模拟发现,在政府教育投资不变的条件下,加大基础教育投资占比可以减小居民收入的基尼系数,改善收入分配差距。其次,随着政府基础教育投资占比的增加,子辈对父辈的收入依赖程度减小,居民收入的代际流动性增大,向上及向下的流动概率均有所增加。最后,家庭教育投资与家庭收入有着明显的正相关关系。 In view of the current situation of the income distribution gap in our country, this article discusses the influence of the investment structure of education on the intergenerational mobility of income. We have constructed a three-generation overlapping model with family and government investment in education, distinguishing between human capital investment in basic education and higher education, and conducting policy experiments on changes in government investment in education. We analyzed the impacts of different investment structures on residents Changes in income intergenerational mobility, discussed the policy options to promote income mobility. Through numerical simulation, it is found that under the condition of constant government investment in education, increasing the proportion of investment in basic education can reduce the Gini coefficient of residents’ income and improve the income distribution gap. Second, as the proportion of government investment in basic education increases, the dependency of the children on their parents’ income decreases, the intergenerational mobility of income increases, and the upward and downward mobility increases. Finally, there is a clear positive correlation between family education investment and family income.