在经济新常态的当下,告别了过往“投入型”增长模式,中国经济的可持续增长将会转入立足于全要素生产率(TFP)增加的“效率型”增长新阶段。换言之,伴随以劳动力短缺和工资持续提高为特征的“刘易斯拐点”的到来、人口红利逐步消失,全要素生产率的增长对未来中国发展显得至关重要。然而,目前中国经济存在着“双二元结构”:一方面,城乡分置,“二元结构”现象突出;另一方面,国有经济 At the moment of the new economic normal, we bid farewell to the past “investment-oriented” growth model. The sustainable growth of China’s economy will shift to a new stage of “efficiency-oriented” growth based on increased total factor productivity (TFP). In other words, with the arrival of the “Lewis Turning Point” characterized by a shortage of labor force and continuous wage increase, the demographic dividend gradually disappears and the growth of total factor productivity is crucial for the future development of China. However, at present, there exists a “dual dual structure” in China’s economy: on the one hand, the urban-rural division and the “dual structure” are prominent; on the other hand, the state-owned economy