通过对上海城乡11612人的横断面调查,发现慢支患病率为1.57%,哮喘为0.80%.与慢支有显著联系的危险因素为年龄、文化程度、职业、婚姻状况、吸烟、经常饮酒、被动吸烟和慢支家族史,而与哮喘有显著联系的危险因素为接触枯草尘时有呼吸道刺激反应、城乡差别、过敏反应史和哮喘家族史.应针对这些因素采取有效社区防治措施 A cross-sectional survey of 11612 people in Shanghai urban and rural areas revealed that the prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 1.57% and asthma was 0.80%. Risk factors significantly associated with chronic bronchitis were age, education, occupation, marital status, smoking, and regular drinking. , Passive smoking and family history of chronic bronchitis, and risk factors associated with asthma are respiratory tract irritation when exposed to subtilis dust, urban-rural differences, history of allergic reactions, and a family history of asthma. Effective community control measures should be taken against these factors.