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为了提高人工湿地对猪场废水的净化效果,通过改进湿地内部结构构建了4个潜流人工湿地单元,测定了湿地运行期间废水中COD、TN、TP和NH_4~+-N去除率4个指标,采用配对t检验、综合方差分析、聚类分析、判别分析和综合相关分析等多种统计分析方法,深入探讨季节、气温变化及湿地内部结构的改进对废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,湿地内部结构的改变对猪场废水中NH_4~+-N去除率影响最大,其次是TN,对TP影响最小,4个指标总体上在4个湿地单元间相互存在显著差异,去除效果IW-SFCW>W-SFCW>SFCW>CK-CW。经聚类分析,4个指标在每个湿地单元中随季节变化都可以分为3类:1类(2、3、11和12月份)、2类(4、5和10月份)、3类(6、7、8和9月份);气温是影响4个指标的第一因素,对IW-SFCW的影响最大,其次是W-SFCW和SFCW,对CK-CW影响最小。4个指标随气温变化也可以分为3类:1类(3℃、4℃)、2类(8~16℃)、3类(21~27℃)。统计分析表明,改进潜流人工湿地内部结构和栽培植物能提高湿地对废水的净化效果;如果冬春季节对湿地增设保温措施,可以提高湿地对废水的净化效果。
In order to improve the purifying effect of constructed wetland on wastewater from pig farms, four subsurface flow constructed wetland units were constructed by improving the internal structure of wetlands. Four indexes of COD, TN, TP and NH_4 ~ + -N removal rate in wastewater during wetland operation were measured, Paired t-test, comprehensive analysis of variance, cluster analysis, discriminant analysis and comprehensive correlation analysis and other statistical analysis methods, in-depth discussion of seasonal, temperature changes and the improvement of wetland internal structure of wastewater treatment effect. The results showed that the change of the internal structure of wetland had the greatest effect on the NH_4 ~ + -N removal rate in piggery wastewater, followed by TN, which had the least effect on TP. The four indicators showed significant differences among the four wetland units overall, and the removal effect IW-SFCW> W-SFCW> SFCW> CK-CW. According to the cluster analysis, the four indicators can be divided into three categories according to the seasons in each wetland unit: Category 1 (2,3,11 and December), Category 2 (4,5 and 10 months), Category 3 (6th, 7th, 8th and 9th month). Temperature was the first factor influencing four indicators, which had the greatest impact on IW-SFCW, followed by W-SFCW and SFCW, and had the least impact on CK-CW. The four indicators can also be divided into three categories with the temperature changes: 1 (3 ℃, 4 ℃), 2 (8 ~ 16 ℃), 3 (21 ~ 27 ℃). Statistical analysis shows that improving the internal structure of under-flow constructed wetlands and planting plants can improve the purification effect of wastewater on wetlands. If the winter and spring add thermal insulation measures to the wetlands, the purification effect of the wetlands on the wastewater can be enhanced.