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采用电化学技术研究了热处理和高温长期使用的 3 1 0不锈钢的损伤行为。结果表明 ,3 1 0不锈钢在高温使用时 ,初期产生M2 3 C6相 ,继续长期使用时 ,σ相析出并逐渐增多。σ相的析出使材料脆性变大 ,高温蠕变强度和耐蚀性能下降。 1 0mol/L的KOH溶液中合金相的阳极极化试验结果发现 ,在 - 1 0 0～ 0mV(SCE)电位范围内 ,临界钝化电流密度Icrit值与析出相有对应关系 ,采用Icrit值可有效地评价高温中长期使用的 3 1 0不锈钢的损伤行为。
Electrochemical technique was used to study the damage behavior of 3 1 0 stainless steel after heat treatment and long-term use at high temperature. The results show that when the stainless steel is used at high temperature, the initial phase of M2 3 C6 is produced, and the σ phase precipitates and increases gradually when it is used for a long time. The precipitation of σ phase increases the brittleness of the material, and lowers the creep strength and corrosion resistance at high temperature. The results of anodic polarization of the alloy phase in 10mol / L KOH solution show that the critical passivation current density Icrit has a corresponding relationship with the precipitation phase in the potential range of -100 ~ 0mV (SCE), and the value of Icrit Effectively evaluate the damage behavior of 3 1 0 stainless steel for medium to long term use at high temperature.