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探讨我国围产儿先天性脑积水的流行病学特征，为降低该畸形的发生率提供科学依据。１９８６年１０月至１９８７年９月间，对全国原２９省、市、自治区９４５所医院进行出生缺陷监测，观察对象为妊娠２８周至出生后７天的围产儿。结果：在监测的１２４３２８４例住院分娩的围产儿中，共检出１１４６例先天性脑积水。全国平均发生率为９．２／万，仅次于神经管缺陷发生率；各省发生率波动在４．４～２２．９／万范围。低体重儿（５１．３／万）或早产儿（６０．８／万）中先天性脑积水发生率分别高于正常体重儿（６．１／万，Ｐ＜０．００１）、足月儿（６．２／万，Ｐ＜０．００１）；乡村发生率（１６．５／万）高于城镇（５．６／万，Ｐ＜０．０１）。患儿无性别差异。在检出的病例中，死胎占５０．８％、死产２７．１％、７天内死亡１２．１％，存活的患儿仅占７．７％。２４．３％的先天性脑积水患儿伴有其他畸形。产前诊断病例占３１．９％，其中仅有６．３％进行治疗性引产。先天性脑积水是我国常见且严重的先天畸形，患儿预后较差。
To explore the epidemiological characteristics of congenital hydrocephalus in our country, and to provide a scientific basis for reducing the incidence of this deformity. From October 1986 to September 1987, 945 hospitals in 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in the country were monitored for birth defects. The observation objects ranged from 28 weeks of gestation to 7 days of gestation. RESULTS: Of the 1,242,884 admitted perinatal babies hospitalized, 1146 cases of congenital hydrocephalus were detected. The national average incidence was 9.2 / million, second only to the incidence of neural tube defects; the incidence of fluctuations in the provinces in the 4.4 ~ 22.9 / million range. The incidence of congenital hydrocephalus in low-birth-weight infants (51.3 / million) or preterm infants (60.8 / million) was higher than that in normal infants (6.1 per thousand, P <0.001) Children (6.2 / million, P <0.001); rural incidence (16.5 / million) was higher than that of urban areas (5.6 / million, P <0.01). No gender differences in children. Among the detected cases, 50.8% of stillbirths, 27.1% of stillbirths, 12.1% of deaths within 7 days and only 7.7% of surviving children. 24.3% of congenital hydrocephalus children with other deformities. Prenatal diagnosis of cases accounted for 31.9%, of whom only 6.3% of the therapeutic induction of labor. Congenital hydrocephalus is a common and serious congenital malformations in China, children with poor prognosis.