在澳大利亚,“产业政策”一词长期以来一直被理解为“制造业政策”,一个多世纪来,该政策的主题一直是保护本地制造业免受进口竞争,而最主要的保护手段便是关税,不过,澳大利亚的平均关税水平在过去20年左右的时间里已开始逐步下降,20世纪80年代后,两个主要政党都意识到澳大利亚产业需要更多地参与国际竞争(但这种想法最近又有所动摇),预计到本 In Australia, the term “industrial policy” has long been understood as a “manufacturing policy”. For more than a century, the theme of this policy has been to protect the local manufacturing industry from import competition. The most important means of protection is tariffs However, average tariffs in Australia have started to decline gradually over the past 20 years and since the 1980s, both major political parties have realized that Australian industries need to become more involved in international competition (but this idea has recently Shaken), is expected to Ben