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规模经济(Economics of scales)是研究经济组织的规模与经济效益的一个基本概念,指由于经济组织规模的扩大或缩小,导致平均成本降低、经济效益提高的状况。凡因扩大或缩小规模导致平均成本降低的,就称为具有规模经济性,或具有规模经济效益。凡是在规模扩大或缩小之后,出现平均成本不再降低,甚至反而升高的,就称为缺乏规模经济,或称为规模不经济(Diseconomics ofscales)。规模经济理论是描述企业组织规模变动与企业成本效益变动之间关系的理论,任何企业都存在最适规模经营区域,在该区域内,成本最低,效益最高。
Economics of scales is a basic concept to study the scale and economic benefits of economic organizations. It refers to the situation of economic benefits being reduced due to the increase or decrease of the size of economic organizations. Any reduction in average cost due to scaling up or downsizing is said to be economies of scale or economies of scale. Any increase or decrease in scale, the average cost no longer appears to be lower, or even increased, is called the lack of economies of scale, or as the scale of economic diseconomies (Diseconomics ofscales). The theory of economies of scale is a theory that describes the relationship between the changes in the scale of a firm's organization and changes in the cost-effectiveness of a firm. Any firm has an optimally-sized management region in which the costs are lowest and the benefits are highest.