1.酒精和可卡因作为药品和药物,它们是引起后天性重听原因的代表。链霉素、卡那霉素更是人们所熟知的致聋药物。但是,在此记述的酒精和可卡因作为古典致聋原因,仍然占据着不可取代的重要位置。近年,美国酒精中毒症剧增,估计酒精依赖者约有700万人,其中包括很多家庭主妇(厨房酒徒),故担心这将对胎儿的发育及脑神经等带来种种不良影响。与酒精同样成为美国社会问题的是可卡因中毒的增加,而鸦片、海洛因中毒在减少。可卡因中毒增加的主要原因之一是孕妇的应用。经过化学处理而被强化的可卡因易于导致孕妇早产和促进妊妇晚期阵痛,服用目的是相信它将使分娩舒服。这类孕妇所娩出的孩子被称谓可卡因婴儿,业已明确,这是由于胎盘早剥合并脑损伤所致。2.AIDS 已知某种病毒可以引起人类内耳感觉细胞出现显著障碍。以往常见原因有流行性腮腺炎,风疹、麻疹、脑脊髓膜炎、带状疱疹等病毒。据报道认为, 1. Alcohol and cocaine as medicines and drugs, which are the causes of acquired hearing loss. Streptomycin, kanamycin is more known as deafness drugs. However, the alcohol and cocaine described here still occupy an irreplaceable important position as the cause of classical deafness. In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in alcoholism in the United States. About seven million people are estimated to have alcohol dependence, including many housewives (kitchen drinkers). Therefore, they worry that this will have adverse effects on fetal development and cranial nerves. The same social problem with alcohol as the United States is an increase in cocaine poisoning, while opiate and heroin poisoning are declining. One of the main causes of cocaine poisoning is the use of pregnant women. Cocaine fortified by chemical treatment tends to lead to premature delivery of the pregnant woman and to advanced maternal aggravating pain in the expectation that it will make childbirth comfortable. Children born in these pregnancies are called cocaine infants and it has been established that this is due to placental abruption combined with brain injury. 2.AIDS knows that a virus can cause significant disturbances in human inner ear sensory cells. The past common causes of mumps, rubella, measles, meningitis, shingles and other viruses. According to reports,