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环氧化酶（cyclooxygenase,COX）是催化花生四烯酸生成前列腺素和血栓素的限速酶,有COX-1和COX-2两种异构体。近年来研究发现COX-2同缺氧缺血性脑损伤（HIBD）关系密切。COX-2基因为即刻早期基因,在HIBD中表达增强,同时COX-2蛋白及反应产物均增多。COX-2通过增强兴奋性氨基酸神经毒性作用,氧自由基的氧化作用及同其他生物分子相互作用等机制在HIBD的病理过程中发挥重要的作用。动物实验已证实COX-2抑制剂对HIBD有保护作用,而且高选择性COX-2抑制剂有相对的稳定性和更好的耐受性,有望成为临床治疗HIBD的一条新途径。
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the production of arachidonic acid and thromboxane by arachidonic acid. It has two isoforms COX-1 and COX-2. In recent years, the study found that COX-2 with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBD) are closely related. The COX-2 gene is an immediate early gene, which is expressed in HIBD and COX-2 protein and reaction products are increased. COX-2 plays an important role in the pathological process of HIBD by enhancing the neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids, the oxidation of oxygen free radicals and the interaction with other biomolecules. Animal experiments have shown that COX-2 inhibitors have a protective effect on HIBD, and high selectivity of COX-2 inhibitors relative stability and better tolerance, is expected to become a new way of clinical treatment of HIBD.