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日本农业生产法人制度自1962年《农地法》创设,历经五次修改,走出了一条从严格管制到逐步放松、从自耕农主义到耕作者主义、从强化公平到重视效率的发展道路,极大地促进了日本农地利用效率的提升。法人化的农业经营有其优势,但应当注意农业法人和农业生产法人的区别,农业生产法人的要件是其制度核心,虽然2009年“平成农地改革”允许一般农业法人取得农地租赁权和借用权,但农业生产法人仍在日本法人化的农业经营中占据主要地位。日本农业生产法人制度在制度变迁的激励机制、从公平到效率的制度演变、农业经营的法人化和法人组织多元化、“主体、农地、事业”三位一体的动态制度模式等方面都对我国具有借鉴意义。
The system of agricultural production corporations in Japan has been established since 1962 and has been revised five times. It has taken a road of development from strict control to gradual relaxation, from agriculturalism to tillage, and from fairness to efficiency. Promote the improvement of agricultural land use efficiency in Japan. However, the distinction between agricultural legal person and agricultural legal person should be taken into account. The essential elements of agricultural production legal person are the core of the system. Although the “Heisei Agricultural Reform” in 2009 allows the general agricultural legal person to obtain the agricultural land lease Rights and borrowing rights, but agricultural production corporations still occupy a prominent position in the legalized farming operations in Japan. Japan’s system of agricultural production of legal persons in the institutional changes in the incentive mechanism, from the fair to the evolution of the efficiency of the system, the legalization of agricultural operations and the diversification of legal person organization, “the main body, farmland, business,” the trinity of the dynamic institutional model and so on Our country has reference significance.