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以6个不同生态型的52份籼型水稻品种为亲本,以生态型为单位进行双列杂交,研究了供试生态型亲本的一般配合力和各生态型之间杂交组合的特殊配合力,并据此分析了籼型水稻优势生态型。结果表明:各生态型产量及其相关性状的一般配合力、特殊配合力和反交效应均达到极显著水平,且所有性状的一般配合力方差均大于特殊配合力方差和反交效应方差。韩国籼、太湖籼和华南籼在单株产量、每穗总粒数和有效穗等多个重要性状上均具有较高的一般配合力效应,而华南籼×韩国籼、华南籼×太湖籼、云贵籼×IRRI籼和云贵籼×韩国籼等组合的单株产量的特殊配合力较高,据此将韩国籼、太湖籼和华南籼划为本试验的优势生态型。各生态型亲本的一般配合力效应与杂种F1表现出显著或极显著的正相关,而特殊配合力与杂种F1相关不显著,亲本一般配合力与组合特殊配合力之间没有明显的对应关系。
52 indica rice cultivars with 6 ecotypes were used as parents to carry out double row hybridization on the basis of ecotype. The general combining ability of ecotype parents and the special combining ability of hybrid combinations of different ecotypes were studied. Based on this, the dominant ecotypes of indica rice were analyzed. The results showed that the general combining ability, the special combining ability and the cross reciprocal effect of the ecotypes and their related traits all reached the extremely significant level, and the variance of the general combining ability of all the traits was greater than the variance of the special combining ability and the anti-cross effect. South Indica, Taihu Indica and South China indica had higher general combining ability in multiple important traits such as per plant yield, total grains per panicle and effective panicle, while indica × South Indica, South China indica × Taihu Indica, The special combining ability of the yield per plant of Yunui Indica × IRRI indica × Gundai indica × South Korea indica was higher than that of the indica × Indica indica hybrid rice. The general combining ability effect of each ecotype parent was significantly or very significantly positively correlated with hybrid F1, while the special combining ability was not significantly correlated with hybrid F1. There was no obvious corresponding relationship between the general combining ability of the parents and the special combining ability of the parents.