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刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Slenka)属于棘皮动物,具有很强再生能力,是中国重要的经济养殖种类。目前相关研究集中于由于诱导或自发排后的消化道再生,但是缺乏创伤后的机体修复再生(比如尾部再生)方面的研究。本研究利用传统形态学观察和组织细胞学技术对刺参尾部再生过程进行了初步探讨。研究发现,海参尾部手术切除后,可以进行再生,约15 d基本可以完成再生。海参尾部的再生类似于脊椎动物的割处再生(epimorphosis),再生时期可以分为创伤愈合期、再生胚基期和细胞分化期3个阶段。海参尾部再生过程中发生了组织溶解、组织重塑、细胞去分化、细胞增殖、细胞迁移以及细胞再分化等现象。其中,原有的肌肉细胞呈现了典型的去分化特征:肌纤维发生了明显的片段化,进一步形成小的类间质细胞。这些细胞有两个发育方向,其中一部分细胞就近再分化为肌肉细胞,进一步发生融合形成新的肌纤维;另一部分细胞则是可能迁移到伤口附近,在那里聚集和增殖,形成再生胚基。再生胚基的细胞进一步迁移和分化形成结缔组织中的成纤维细胞,参与皮下结缔组织的构建。另外,用Pax7抗体对再生的组织进行了荧光免疫组化反应,结果显示,再生过程中没有检测到明显的阳性信号,表明此过程中肌肉干细胞(卫星细胞)可能不起主要作用。本研究旨在通过阐明海参尾部再生特征,为海参养殖生产过程中正确处理和评价受伤的海参提供理论依据。
Apostichopus japonicus Slenka is an echinoderm with strong regeneration ability and is an important economic breeding species in China. At present, relevant researches are focused on the researches on the regeneration of the body after trauma (such as caudal regeneration) due to the induced or spontaneous rearrangement of gastrointestinal tract. In this study, the morphological observation and histocytology were used to study the regeneration of the tail of the sea cucumber. The study found that the sea cucumber tail after surgical resection, can be regenerated, about 15 d can basically complete regeneration. The regeneration of sea cucumber tail resembles that of vertebrates, and the regeneration period can be divided into wound healing phase, regenerative embryo phase and cell differentiation phase. The phenomenon of tissue lysis, tissue remodeling, dedifferentiation of cells, cell proliferation, cell migration and cell redifferentiation occurred during the regeneration of sea cucumber tail. Among them, the original muscle cells showed a typical characteristics of dedifferentiation: muscle fibers were significantly fragmented, and further the formation of small interstitial cells. These cells have two developmental directions. Some of these cells re-differentiate into muscle cells nearby and further fuse to form new muscle fibers. Another part of the cells may migrate to the vicinity of the wound where they accumulate and proliferate to form regenerative germ cells. The regenerative germ-based cells further migrate and differentiate to form fibroblasts in connective tissue, participating in the construction of subcutaneous connective tissue. In addition, fluorescent immunohistochemistry was performed on the regenerated tissue with Pax7 antibody. No obvious positive signal was detected during regeneration, indicating that muscle stem cells (satellite cells) may not play a major role in this process. The purpose of this study is to clarify the regenerative characteristics of sea cucumber tail and provide the theoretical basis for the correct treatment and evaluation of injured sea cucumber in the process of sea cucumber cultivation.