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基于卫星的背景特性、材料特性、轨道特性及太阳帆板与卫星本体的相对运动特性,研究了在轨卫星的可见光反射特性。实验测量了三种卫星表面常用材料典型角度的双向反射分布函数,并构建了三种材料改进的SunBRDF模型。提出了一种单自由度运动的太阳帆板入射光线矢量计算方法。根据卫星的几何尺寸和表面材料特性,仿真获得了在轨卫星不同观测时刻的反射特性,包覆黄色热控材料和银色热控材料的本体及太阳帆板的反射强度峰值分别为6.91×104W/sr、6.42×104W/sr和9707W/sr。本体和帆板产生的三个峰值信号位于不同的空间位置。仿真结果表明,在轨运行的卫星反射特性受卫星表面材料、几何结构、姿态、轨道参数等因素的影响,且帆板反射特性在卫星整体反射特性计算中不可忽略。
Based on the satellite background, material properties, orbital characteristics and the relative motion between the solar panel and the satellite body, the visible light reflection characteristics of the orbiting satellite are studied. The birefringence distribution function of the typical angles of the three kinds of satellites is measured experimentally and the improved SunBRDF model of three kinds of materials is constructed. A method for calculating incident light vector of solar sailboard with single degree of freedom is proposed. According to the satellite’s geometry and surface material properties, the reflection characteristics of orbiting satellites at different observation times were simulated. The peak reflection intensity of the body and the solar panels coated with yellow thermal control material and silver thermal control material were respectively 6.91 × 104W / sr, 6.42 × 104 W / sr and 9707 W / sr. The three peak signals generated by the body and the windsurfing board are located in different spatial locations. The simulation results show that the orbiting satellites’ reflection characteristics are affected by satellite surface material, geometry, attitude and orbit parameters, etc., and the reflection characteristics of the sailboard can not be ignored in the calculation of the satellite’s overall reflection characteristics.