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[目的]探讨棉纺行业作业粉尘浓度在不同工种、季节和作业场所中的分布规律。[方法]选择3家棉纺厂作为采样现场,分别在各工种选取36、26和12人为采样对象,进行个体全工作班随身采样。冬、夏两季每季重复进行3次。以重量法测定粉尘总量并计算出粉尘浓度。对不同工种、季节和工厂之间进行比较。[结果]粉尘浓度大体上呈从前纺车间的工种(从清花或梳棉工种开始)到后纺车间的细纺或绕线工种逐渐降低,在大型厂不同工种间有统计学意义,而且大型厂和小型厂中前纺车间的各工种浓度全部或部分地显著高于后纺车间的工种。几乎所有的工种,都未见显著的季节差异。3个厂相同工种的粉尘浓度有极显著差异,中等规模厂的浓度最低。[结论]在棉纺厂的职业卫生实际工作中,应特别注重前纺车间的粉尘监测和粉尘治理,并加强前纺车间工人的粉尘防护。在可能的情况下,调整生产规模和车间布局,应该也是治理粉尘的一种措施。
[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the distribution rule of working dust concentration in cotton spinning industry in different types of work, season and work place. [Method] Three cotton spinning mills were selected as the sampling site, 36, 26 and 12 were chosen as sampling objects in all kinds of work, and the whole working class of individual was sampled. Winter and summer each quarter repeat 3 times. Gravimetric method to determine the total amount of dust and calculate the dust concentration. Compare different types of work, seasons and factories. [Result] The dust concentration was generally decreased from the former type of work shop (from clear-cut or carding work) to the fine spinning or winding work of the rear-spinning workshop, which was statistically significant in different types of large-scale factory. Moreover, The concentration of various types of workstations and small workshops in the front spinning workshop was significantly higher than that of the rear spinning workshop in whole or in part. Almost all types of work, no significant seasonal differences. The concentration of dust in the same plant in the three plants showed extremely significant differences, with the lowest concentration in medium-sized plants. [Conclusion] In the practical work of occupational health in cotton spinning factory, special attention should be paid to the dust monitoring and dust control of the former spinning workshop and the dust protection of workers in the former spinning workshop. Where possible, adjusting the scale of production and plant layout should also be a measure to control dust.