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目的分析浙江省不同规模、经济类型和行业的企业工作场所职业病危害状况。方法对2005—2013年委托浙江省疾病预防控制中心检测的188家企业职业病危害因素检测结果进行分析,计算检测项目合格率。结果2005—2013年委托检测的大型、中型和小型企业职业病危害因素检测合格率分别为87.86%、91.54%和88.71%,大型企业检测合格率低于中型企业(P<0.05),大型企业与小型企业检测合格率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。私营、三资和公有企业职业病危害因素检测合格率分别为87.25%、87.71%和96.67%,公有企业检测合格率高于三资企业和私营企业。纺织服装、鞋、帽制造业和电气机械及器材制造业检测合格率较低,分别为81.90%和78.31%。粉尘检测结果中煤尘检测合格率为100.00%;主要的化学因素中正己烷合格率为100.00%;物理因素中工频电场和微波辐射合格率均为100.00%。结论浙江省大型企业、私营企业以及纺织服装、鞋、帽制造业和电气机械及器材制造业的职业病危害因素合格率较低,是职业卫生重点监督对象。
Objective To analyze the status of occupational diseases in the workplace of enterprises of different sizes, economic types and industries in Zhejiang Province. Methods The test results of 188 cases of occupational hazards that were commissioned by Zhejiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2005 to 2013 were analyzed and the passing rate of test items was calculated. Results The passing rates of occupational hazards in large, medium and small enterprises entrusted for testing in 2005-2013 were 87.86%, 91.54% and 88.71%, respectively. The passing rate of large enterprises was lower than that of medium-sized enterprises (P <0.05) There was no significant difference in passing rate between enterprises (P> 0.05). The pass rate of occupational hazards in private, foreign-funded and public-owned enterprises was 87.25%, 87.71% and 96.67%, respectively. The passing rate of public enterprises was higher than that of foreign-funded enterprises and private-owned enterprises. Textile and apparel, shoes, hats manufacturing and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing testing pass rate is low, respectively 81.90% and 78.31%. Dust test results in coal dust pass rate of 100.00%; the main chemical factors in the pass rate of n-hexane was 100.00%; physical factors in the frequency of electric field and microwave radiation pass rate of 100.00%. Conclusion The occupational disease risk factors of large enterprises, private enterprises, textile and apparel, shoes and hats manufacturing and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing industries in Zhejiang Province have a low pass rate, which is the key surveillance target of occupational health.