抗生素在人体中的浓度在一定程度上取决于药物输入和消除的相对速率,后者可用总消除速率常数k_e表示,k_e是消除体内部分抗生素的时间函数.很多抗生素通过肾大量消除,而另一些经非肾途径排泄,这样总消除速率常数(k_e)考虑为两个较小的速率常数,分别是肾和非肾消除速率常数k_t和k_nr的相加.我们经常把k_nr称为k_m,该速率常数代表代谢消除,但确切地说它是作为除经代谢之外的肾外消除,如原药从胆汁中的排泄.于是:k_e=k_?+k_nr显然,当正常个体k_r大大超过k_nr时,大部分抗生素将经肾从尿中排出,而肾功能低下者对k_e将产生极大影响,当大部分抗生素通过非肾机理消除,且k_nr大大高于k_r时,肾衰竭者对母体抗生素的k_e稍有甚至没有影 The concentration of antibiotics in the body depends to a certain extent on the relative rates of drug entry and elimination, which can be expressed as the total elimination rate constant k_e, which is a function of time eliminating some of the antibiotics in the body Many antibiotics are largely eliminated by the kidneys while others Excreted via the non-renal pathway such that the total elimination rate constant (k_e) is considered as two smaller rate constants, namely the sum of the renal and non-renal elimination rate constants k_t and k_nr.We often refer to k_nr as k_m, The constant represents the elimination of the metabolism, but rather it is excreted as a metabolic extrinsic elimination of the drug, such as the excretion of the drug from the bile. Thus: k_e = k _? + K_nr Obviously, when the normal individual k_r greatly exceeds k_nr, Most of the antibiotics will be excreted by the kidneys from the urine, while those with low renal function will have a great impact on k_e. When most of the antibiotics are eliminated by non-renal mechanisms and k_nr is much higher than k_r, the k_e of the patients with renal failure Little or no shadow