有些学者把皖南新四军失败的责任完全归咎于项英,认为皖南新四军失败是“项英拒绝执行党中央制定的正确战略方针,对反共顽固派阴谋发动突然事变丧失起码的警惕,缺乏思想上、组织上的必要准备而造成的恶果。”这种说法是片面的。皖南新四军的失败,固然应由项英同志负主要责任,但同时,中共中央和毛泽东同志也负有一定的责任。本文试图对项英和中共中央(包括毛泽东同志)对皖南新四军失败所应负的责任问题作一探讨。 一、项英对皖南新四军的失败应负主要责任 (一)错过北移时机,应由项英负主要责任。 1940年3月,中共中央鉴于第一次反共高潮被击退以后,蒋介石开始将其反共的重心移到华中,由主要进攻八路军转向主要进攻新四军的形势,及时地提醒项英: Some scholars completely blamed Xiang Ying for the failure of the southern New Fourth Army in southern Anhui. He believed that the defeat of the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui was “the failure of Xiang Ying to implement the correct strategic guideline formulated by the Central Party Committee and to exercise vigilance against the coup d’état’s sudden coup. On the necessary preparations for the consequences. ”This statement is one-sided. Although the failure of the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui should bear the main responsibility of Comrade Xiang Ying, at the same time, the CPC Central Committee and Comrade Mao Zedong also bear some responsibility. This article attempts to discuss the responsibility of Xiang Ying and the CPC Central Committee (including Comrade Mao Tse-tung) on ​​the failure of the New Fourth Army in southern Anhui. First, Xiang Ying should bear primary responsibility for the failure of the South Fourth New Fourth Army in Anhui (a) The main responsibility of Xiang Ying should be the main responsibility for missing the timing of the northward move. In March 1940, after the Central Committee of the Communist Party repudiated the first anti-communist climax, Chiang Kai-shek shifted his anti-communist center of gravity to Central China and shifted from the main attacking Eighth Route Army to the main attack on the New Fourth Army. He reminded Xiang Ying in time: